prisons

Question 1

What were some forms of early punishment in the UK?

Answer 1

Early punishments included fines, enslavement, and execution under the “bloody code.”

Question 2

When was HMP Shepton Mallet established?

Answer 2

1625

Question 3

What significant penal policy was introduced in 1718?

Answer 3

as a form of punishment

Question 4

Q: What percentage of early prisoners were debtors?

Answer 4

70%

Question 5

What issue did overcrowding in prisons lead to?

Answer 5

passing of an insolvency act

Question 6

What links began to form between prisons and forced labor?

Answer 6

There were links between prisons and forced involuntary labor, such as dredging the Thames

Question 7

How did many correctional houses evolve in the early 20th century?

Answer 7

many became military prisons

Question 8

Who advocated for the establishment of “penitentiaries” as a form of rehabilitation?

Answer 8

The Quakers advocated for “penitentiaries” and were against the death penalty

Question 9

What was significant about the Walnut Street Jail in the US?

Answer 9

The Walnut Street Jail, established in 1790, is considered one of the first institutions to focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment

Question 10

Who studied the “pains of imprisonment” in 1958?

Answer 10

sykes

Question 11

What is one of the deprivations experienced by prisoners according to Sykes?

Answer 11

deprivation of liberty

Question 12

What do prisoners lose access to in terms of material possessions?

Answer 12

experienced deprivation of goods and services

Question 13

What aspect of personal safety do prisoners often feel deprived of?

Answer 13

security

Question 14

How does imprisonment affect personal freedom?

Answer 14

leads to deprivation of autonomy

Question 15

What type of relationships are prisoners deprived of?

Answer 15

heterosexual relationships

Question 16

Who introduced the concept of “total institution” in 1961?

Answer 16

goffman

Question 17

What does it mean for inmates to be cut off from the rest of the world?

Answer 17

refers to isolation and separation from society

Question 18

What is “batch living” in the context of total institutions?

Answer 18

communal living arrangements where inmates share spaces and routines, often leading to a loss of individuality

Question 19

What is “binary management” in total institutions?

Answer 19

strict rules and hierarchies, where inmates are categorised and controlled based on their behaviour and compliance

Question 20

What is the “inmate role”?

Answer 20

expected behaviour and identity that individuals adopt while incarcerated, shaped by the institutional environment

Question 21

What does the “institutional perspective” refer to?

Answer 21

focuses on how the structure and culture of a total institution impact the experiences and behaviors of inmates

Question 22

What has led to an increased prevalence of open prisons?

Answer 22

A focus on rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners into the community has led to an increase in open prisons

Question 23

What characterises Nordic prisons?

Answer 23

known for their humane approach rehabilitation and treating inmates with dignity

Question 24

What is HMP Grendon known for?

Answer 24

HMP Grendon is recognized as a Therapeutic Community that originated in 1962, focusing on treating prisoners with PTSD

Question 25

How do inmates manage their communities in HMP Grendon?

Answer 25

Inmates can elect each other to manage their own communities, promoting a sense of democracy and responsibility

Question 26

What activities are included in the daily routine of inmates in therapeutic communities?

Answer 26

Daily meetings, socialisation, therapy, and a restorative approach to misbehaviour are included in the routine

Question 27

What impact has the therapeutic community model had on reoffending rates?

Answer 27

The model has led to a 20 percent reduction in reoffending rates among inmates

Question 28

Are there still challenges faced by therapeutic communities?

Answer 28

Yes, despite successes, there are still problems that need to be addressed within these systems

Question 29

What does indeterminacy/uncertainty refer to in the context of modern pains?

Answer 29

the lack of clear outcomes or expectations for prisoners, leading to feelings of confusion and anxiety

Question 30

What is the pain associated with psychological assessment in prisons?

Answer 30

Prisoners often feel a disconnect with psychologists, who may seem powerful and distant, leading to feelings of constant scrutiny and deindividuation

Question 31

What does the pain of self-regulation entail for prisoners?

Answer 31

Inmates are asked to self-govern within a totalising institution, which is an impossible demand that forces them to become agents of their own punishment

Question 32

How does the pain of modern institutions affect prisoners' behaviour?

Answer 32

It does not merely suppress them but wraps them up, smothers them, and incites them to conduct themselves in specific ways

Question 33

What is a key argument against putting people in prison?

Answer 33

Imprisonment not only harms the individual but also has broader negative effects on society

Question 34

What percentage of offenders had a parent convicted of an offences?

Answer 34

37%

Question 35

What is the connection between parental incarceration and offenders?

Answer 35

Among those offenders, 80 percent had a parent who had been in prison

Question 36

What are some broader impacts of incarceration on society?

Answer 36

Incarceration leads to damage in communities and relationships, affecting social structures and support systems

Question 37

Why is voting important for prisoners in relation to society?

Answer 37

The ability to vote is crucial for feeling part of society; without a say in governance, individuals may feel disconnected and marginalised

Question 38

What does the Representation of the People Act 1983 Section 3 address?

Answer 38

it outlines the legal framework regarding voting rights, including restrictions on those in prison

Question 39

What was the significance of Hirst v United Kingdom (No 2) (2005)?

Answer 39

This case highlighted the European Court of Human Rights' stance on the voting rights of prisoners, emphasising the need for reform

Question 40

What did the case Thierry Delvigne v Commune de Lesparre Médoc and Préfet de la Gironde establish?

Answer 40

It reinforced the principle that denying voting rights to prisoners can violate human rights, advocating for more inclusive policies

Question 41

who are the prisoners that are allowed to vote?

Answer 41

remand prisoners, those in prison for contempt of court, non-payment of fines, individuals on Home Detention Curfew

Question 42

give 3 examples of prisons where prisoners cannot vote?

Answer 42

Australia, Hungary and UK

Question 42

give 3 examples of prisons where most prisoners can vote?

Answer 42

France, Greece, Italy

Question 43

give 3 examples of prisons where all prisoners can vote?

Answer 43

Sweden, Spain and ukraine

Question 44

How are prisoners counted in the census despite not being able to vote?

Answer 44

Prisoners are counted as part of the population for electoral districting, which affects how districts are drawn

Question 45

What is the impact of prisoners being counted in constituencies?

Answer 45

The percentage of the constituency that cannot vote leads to more powerful votes for those who can, skewing representation

Question 46

What is prison gerrymandering?

Answer 46

It refers to the practice of counting incarcerated individuals in the census for electoral purposes, which can distort political representation

Question 47

How do racial disparities in prisons relate to voting prohibitions?

Answer 47

The combination of racial disparities in incarceration and voting restrictions can lead to racialised disenfranchisement, affecting minority communities disproportionately

Question 48

What does Michelle Alexander discuss in "The New Jim Crow"?

Answer 48

She explores the concept of mass incarceration and its effects on racial discrimination, likening it to historical systems of oppression