Priorities for Intervention Flashcards
What are the top 11 priorities for intervention?
- Initial assessment (Section 1)
- Measles immunisation (Section 2)
- WASH (Section 2)
- Food & Nutrition (Section 2)
- Shelter & site planning (Section 2)
- Health care in the emergency phase (Sections 3 & 4)
- Control of communicable diseases & epidemics (Sections 3 & 4)
- Public Health Surveillance (Section 1)
- Human resource training (Section 6)
- Co-ordination (Section 5 & 6)
- Security
What are the minimum quantities of essential hygiene items?
Two water containers per household (10–20 litres; one for collection, one for storage);
• 250 grams of soap for bathing per person per month;
• 200 grams of soap for laundry per person per month;
• Soap and water at a handwashing station (one station per shared toilet or one per household)
• Potty, scoop or nappies to dispose of children’s faeces.
What are the minimum supplies for menstrual hygiene?
Either absorbent cotton material (4 square metres per year), disposable pads (15 per month) or reusable sanitary pads (six per year), as preferred by women and girls;
• underwear (six per year);
• extra soap (250 grams per month)
Name some key indicators for water quality
<10 CFU/100ml at point of delivery (unchlorinated water)
• ≥0.2–0.5mg/l FRC at point of delivery of delivery (chlorinated water)
• Turbidity of less than 5 NTU
What is the ideal ratio of shared toilets?
1: 50 in the initial phase but 1:20 as quickly as possible
3: 1 F:M ratio
What is the maximum distance between a dwelling a shared toilet?
50m
What percentage of chlorine solution should be used for washing the dead bodies of cholera victims?
2%
Name some types of latrine
Pit latrine
Trench latrine
Aqua privy
Most basic, i.e. bucket, cathole
Name the 6 stages of waste disposal
- Marked off area
- Trench latrine
- Pit latrine
- Ventilated pit latrine
- Ecological sanitation
- Septic tank
Name some methods of water extraction
Bore hole, well, surface water, spring
Name some important parameters for latrine creation
Bottom of latrine at least 1.5m above the water table
At least 30m away from a water source
What are the overall dimension requirements inside a camp?
45m^2 per person in a camp with sanitary facilities
30m^2 per person in a camp without
What are the personal space requirements in a camp?
3.5m^2 per person
What are the fire safety requirements in a camp?
30m firebreak every 300m of built up area
Minimum of 2m between each tent (preferably twice the height of the building)
What is the recommended fat intake per person?
17%
What is the recommended protein intake per person?
10%
What is the definition of triage?
A system for sorting casualties, cascading down from the most urgent to the non-urgent, in order to prioritise them for treatment (non-treatment) or evacuation, and repeating this at each echelon (handover) of care
What is the aim of triage?
To address medical resources towards those who have the best chance of survival
Underlying principles of triage
Simple
Rapid
Reproducible
Safe
Items to consider during triage
‘Tactical’ situation aka scene management Is there a plan? Rehearsed? Numbers of casualties Numbers of staff & quality Resources Equipment available Availability of transport Time lines Clinical findings Salvageability Safety of staff Environmental risks Security risks Access
What are the different types of mass gathering?
Spontaneous
Planned
- One off
- Recurrent different locations
- Recurrent same location
How do you plan for a mass gathering?
Detailed planning
Infrastructure development
institutional adaptation
development of SOPs for a range of potential threats
advance testing of plans, procedures, systems and personnel training
What is the definition of a MASCAL?
An incident in which emergency medical services resources, such as personnel and equipment, are overwhelmed by the number and severity of casualties
Definition of a major incident
A major incident is defined as a significant event, which demands a response beyond the routine, resulting from uncontrolled developments in the course of the operation of any establishment or transient work activity.
