Prior Midterm Concepts

Question 1

Big 5 Personality Traits

Answer 1

•	Extraversion
o	Extrovert (more social) or Introvert (thinking alone a bit more)
o	Certain situations bring out different personality traits
•	Agreeableness
o	Avoiding conflict, how much you agree
•	Conscientiousness
o	Organized, thorough
o	Has relationship with performance
•	Emotional Stability
o	Relaxed clam/neurotic highly anxious
•	Openness to Experience
o	Curious, creative, trying new things

Question 2

Motivation

Answer 2

• The intensity, direction, and persistence of effort a person shows in reaching a goal
o Intensity: How hard you work
o Direction: Where you focus your efforts
o Persistence: How long you can maintain that effort
• Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic

Question 3

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Answer 3

• Basic needs are at the bottom, as your needs are met you keep on going up the pyramid
• -Ex: If you don’t have a home, you won’t care about self-esteem needs

Pyramid: 1. Self-Actualization

2. Self-Esteem
3. Belonging
4. Safety
5. Physiological

Question 4

Expectancy Theory

Answer 4

• Motivation= Expectancy * Instrumentality* Valence

• Expectancy: If you work hard, you expect to perform well
• Instrumentality: Will you get a reward
• Valence: Is this reward something I value
• -Just because there is high valence/instrumentality, if the task at hand is too hard, motivation may drop

Question 5

Equity Theory

Answer 5

• Individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities
–Motivated by unfairness, when we perceive something as unfair, you want to resolve this inequity
• Referent selection choices:
–Self-inside: Inside that organization, comparing yourself to your old outputs
–Self-outside: Choosing a reference of himself in a different organization
• Ex: Former UBC Prof says got 10% at UBC, not fair since SFU it’s only 5
–Other-inside: Comparing yourself to people around you in the organization (Everybody got a lower raise)
–Other-outside: Comparing yourself to people outside of the organization

Question 6

Reinforcement Theory

Answer 6

• Behaviour is a function of its consequences
• Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
• -Behaviour is influenced by the reinforcement or lack of reinforcement brought about by the consequences of the behaviour.
• –What happens after you do the behaviour reinforces do you continue doing this behaviour
• –Classical conditioning happens more in marketing, to create a certain environment

Question 7

Job Characteristics Model

Answer 7

• Five core job dimensions:
–Skill variety: more skills you use= more stimulating the job
–Task identity: believe you’re responsible for an entire piece of work (identity around work you’re doing)
–Task significance: impact on other people around the organization
—At any level of job, as long as you believe you impact
—Ex: Border security corona virus
–Autonomy: where you do your work, when you do your work
–Feedback: do you receive feedback
—Having these 5 will increase motivation/satisfaction/commitment of job
—More of these are present, results in 3 critical psychological states:
• Three critical psychological states:
o Experienced meaningfulness
o Experienced responsibility
o Knowledge of actual results