principles revision

Question 1

describe a normal action potential

Answer 1

resting is negative 70, reaches the threshold at -ve 55 sodium comes in causing depolarisation, then potassium leaves causing repolerisation, this goes two far and so it is hyperpolerised,

Question 2

beta haemolysis

Answer 2

strep pyrogenes

Question 3

alpha haemolysis

Answer 3

strep pneumo

Question 4

gamma haemolysis

Answer 4

Enterococcus faecalis

Question 5

heridatery spherocytosis= dominant
G6DP= x linked recessive
haemphillias= X-linked recessive
fanconi = autosomal recessive
sickle cell= autosomal recessive
huntingtons= autosomal dominant
fredricks ataxia= recessive genetic disorder
duchens muscular dystophy= x linked recessive
brac= dominant

Answer 5

learn that

Question 6

examples of tumour supressor genes and oncogenes

Answer 6

tumour supressor= p53
examples of oncogenes= BRAC, HER2, RAS

Question 7

berkets lymphoma

Answer 7

triggered by ebv, translocation of 14 to 18

Question 8

Philadelphia chromosome

Answer 8

CML translocation of 9 and 22

Question 9

turners vs kleinfelters

Answer 9

turners = X O vs kleinfelters = XXY

Question 10

hot t-bone stEAk

Answer 10

1. fever
2. t cell
3. bone= myeloid
4. IgE
5. IgA

Question 11

13, 18 and 21

Answer 11

13= Patau syndrome
18= edwards
21= down syndrome
learn about how they test for them all

Question 12

CURB 65 score

Answer 12

1 point for each
confusion
raised blood urea nitrogen (over 7 mmol/litre)
raised respiratory rate (30 breaths per minute or more)
low blood pressure (diastolic 60 mmHg or less, or systolic less than 90 mmHg)
age 65 years or more.

Question 13

how to cure H pylori

Answer 13

amox, omeprazole and clarithromycin/ met
if pen allergic clarithromycin, metranidazole and omeprazole

Question 14

primary sclerosis cholangitis

Answer 14

all the chole ones go over