Principles Of Surgery Flashcards
What are the 3 types of surgical site infections?
Superficial: skin and subcutis
Deep: underlying muscle
Organ/body cavity infections: areas deep int he body entered at the time of surgery
What are the impacts of type 1 and 2 surgical site infections?
Increase morbidity/ illness
Increase hospitalization time
Increase costs
What are the impacts of type 3 surgical site infections?
Surgery failure
Mortality/ death
What is the definition of a septic technique?
A set of specific practices and procedures performed under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination of surgical sites by pathogens…and so reducing risk of surgical site infections
What is sterilization?
The complete destruction of microbial viability, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, on an inanimate objects
What is disinfection?
Destruction of pathogenic microbes, may not include all viruses and bacterial spores.
What are the 4 sterilization techniques?
Steam sterilization, autoclave
Chemical sterilization
Ethylene oxide
Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
Gamma irradiation
Cold sterilisation
What are the steps of asceptic technique for preparing the patient?
Hair removal
Skin prep
Transfer to theatre
Drape
What are the 3 antiseptics?
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Povidone iodine
Alcohol
What are antiseptics?
The kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes and can be used on the skin of living animals
Which antiseptic kills both negative and positive bacteria, enveloped virus, and yeasts. It works variably on. Mycobacterium, protozoa and fungi. It kills 96 % in 30 seconds, and 98 % in 3 minutes. And in ineffective in the presence of soap and detergent.
Chlorhexidine
Which antiseptic kill all bacteria, fungi and Protozoa, but has a rapid kill 77% in 3 minutes. Has decreased activity in presence of organic material, and can cause acute dermatitis in 50% of dogs.
Povidone Iodine
Why chlorhex more preferable to iodine in dogs?
Iodine has a 50% incidence of skin reactions in dogs
Which anti septic kills bacteria, and mycobacterium and fungi, but not viruses. And has a rapid kill of 98-99% in 30-60 seconds. Should never be used on open wounds, and dehydrates skin
Alcohol
What are the 3 generic steps of hand rubbing for asceptic technique?
Good hand hygiene
Wash hands and arms to elbows with pure soap
Apply alcohol based hand rub to hands and arms 1 Mina no 30 secs
When are per-operative antibiotics indicated?
At risk dental procedures
Leukopenia patients
Contaminated surgery
Orthopedic, major abdominal, thoracic surgery, 90 min or longer
Consequences of infection would be disastrous
What are the 4 classifications of surgical wounds?
Clean
Clean - contaminated
Contaminated
Dirty
What is a clean surgical wound?
Non traumatic elective procedure
No entry into gastrointestinal, urogenital, or respiratory tract
No break in aseptic technique
Surgical site infection 2 to 4.9%
What is a clean - contaminated surgical wound?
Entry to a hollow organ with
No significant spillage, no significant infection
Clean procurer with minor break in aseptic technique
Surgical site infection Rae 3.5 to 4.5 %
What is a contaminated surgical wound?
Fresh ( less than 6-8 hours old) traumatic wound
Spillage from a contaminate hollow organ during surgery
Entry into hollow organ in presence of infection
Clean surgery with major break in aseptic technique
SSI rate 4.6 -9.1%
What is a dirty surgical wound ?
Infected surgical site
Purple tissue discharge encountered
Wound open and untreated for longer the 6-8 hours
Surgical site infection 6.7-17.8%
True or false: the use of antibiotics in dirty surgeries is an prophylactic
False: mainly contaminated sx, longer clean contaminated sx