Principles of Sediment Transport Flashcards
What do sediment characteristics depend on?
geological timescales.
What is discussed in connection with coastal inner shelf change?
geological framework, geomorphology, and sea-level changes
What types of storms are identified as major events affecting coastal processes?
Tropical storms, hurricanes, and ‘easters’ are identified.
What is a source of sediment in coastal sediment budgets?
Headlands are a source of sediment.
What is one of the human activities impacting sediment transport?
Coastal engineering is a human activity that impacts sediment transport.
What method is used to analyze grain size?
Sorting is done using different size sieves.
What are the two types of sediment transport mentioned?
Suspended sediment transport and bedload transport.
What does critical shear stress relate to?
It relates to the sediment movement and current speeds.
What happens to cohesive and non-cohesive sediments at the boundary layers?
They experience different drag forces due to varying current speeds.
Where do silts and clays predominate?
Silts and clays predominate beyond the shelf edge.
How do waves affect sediment during summer according to the lecture?
Waves resuspend sediment.
What causes critical stress to be exceeded?
Waves approaching the beach
What is the purpose of wave breaking forces on the shoreline?
They drive sediment transport along the beach.
What characterizes destructive coastal processes?
They involve erosion of shorelines and deposition of material in nearshore areas.
What type of wave period generally causes constructive processes?
Longer period, gently sloping wave fronts lead to constructive processes.
What is the sediment type that typically characterizes continental shelf sediments?
Sands and gravels
What role do tidal currents play in sediment transport?
one of the forces that cause bottom stress and resuspension mechanisms.
What is a function of coastal/inner shelf sediment budgets?
They illustrate sources and sinks of sediment.
What results from changes in relative sea level?
They drive processes controlling the coastal inner shelf character.
How do human activities manipulate sediment transport?
Activities like dredging and oil gas extraction alter natural sediment dynamics.
What seasonal differences are noted in sediment resuspension?
There is less resuspension in winter than in summer.
What drives the direction of sediment transport?
The angle of wave approach and wave breaking forces
What does the sediment distribution pattern in the Middle Atlantic Bight look like?
It is relatively simple with surficial sediments dominated by sands and gravels.
How does wave action affect sediment dynamics?
Waves can lead to either erosion or deposition of sediments.
What are the factors controlling shelf character based on Chiocci and Chivas (2014)?
Long and short-term geological timescales.
What does sediment mobility refer to?
The ability of sediment to be moved or resuspended by water forces.
What does the term “grain size timeseries” refer to?
It refers to the analysis of sediment grain size over time.
How are boundary layers significant in sediment transport?
They influence the shear stress and movement of sediment particles.
What seasonal months are highlighted for sediment mobility observations?
December—February and June—August
What effect do major storm events have on the coastal environment?
They can significantly alter sediment transport and coastal dynamics.
Which sediment types dominate in the slope beyond the shelf edge?
Mud predominates
What is essential for understanding sediment transport according to the lecture?
Understanding the mechanisms and factors influencing sediment movement is essential.
What is the significance of sediment sources and sinks?
They are crucial for maintaining sediment budgets and understanding coastal changes.
What aspect of sediment transport does “eustatic change” reference?
It refers to global changes in sea level that affect coastal areas.
