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MAR 333 - Unit 1 > Principles of Sediment Transport > Flashcards

Principles of Sediment Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What do sediment characteristics depend on?

A

geological timescales.

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2
Q

What is discussed in connection with coastal inner shelf change?

A

geological framework, geomorphology, and sea-level changes

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3
Q

What types of storms are identified as major events affecting coastal processes?

A

Tropical storms, hurricanes, and ‘easters’ are identified.

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4
Q

What is a source of sediment in coastal sediment budgets?

A

Headlands are a source of sediment.

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5
Q

What is one of the human activities impacting sediment transport?

A

Coastal engineering is a human activity that impacts sediment transport.

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6
Q

What method is used to analyze grain size?

A

Sorting is done using different size sieves.

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7
Q

What are the two types of sediment transport mentioned?

A

Suspended sediment transport and bedload transport.

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8
Q

What does critical shear stress relate to?

A

It relates to the sediment movement and current speeds.

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9
Q

What happens to cohesive and non-cohesive sediments at the boundary layers?

A

They experience different drag forces due to varying current speeds.

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10
Q

Where do silts and clays predominate?

A

Silts and clays predominate beyond the shelf edge.

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11
Q

How do waves affect sediment during summer according to the lecture?

A

Waves resuspend sediment.

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12
Q

What causes critical stress to be exceeded?

A

Waves approaching the beach

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13
Q

What is the purpose of wave breaking forces on the shoreline?

A

They drive sediment transport along the beach.

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14
Q

What characterizes destructive coastal processes?

A

They involve erosion of shorelines and deposition of material in nearshore areas.

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15
Q

What type of wave period generally causes constructive processes?

A

Longer period, gently sloping wave fronts lead to constructive processes.

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16
Q

What is the sediment type that typically characterizes continental shelf sediments?

A

Sands and gravels

17
Q

What role do tidal currents play in sediment transport?

A

one of the forces that cause bottom stress and resuspension mechanisms.

18
Q

What is a function of coastal/inner shelf sediment budgets?

A

They illustrate sources and sinks of sediment.

19
Q

What results from changes in relative sea level?

A

They drive processes controlling the coastal inner shelf character.

20
Q

How do human activities manipulate sediment transport?

A

Activities like dredging and oil gas extraction alter natural sediment dynamics.

21
Q

What seasonal differences are noted in sediment resuspension?

A

There is less resuspension in winter than in summer.

22
Q

What drives the direction of sediment transport?

A

The angle of wave approach and wave breaking forces

23
Q

What does the sediment distribution pattern in the Middle Atlantic Bight look like?

A

It is relatively simple with surficial sediments dominated by sands and gravels.

24
Q

How does wave action affect sediment dynamics?

A

Waves can lead to either erosion or deposition of sediments.

25
Q

What are the factors controlling shelf character based on Chiocci and Chivas (2014)?

A

Long and short-term geological timescales.

26
Q

What does sediment mobility refer to?

A

The ability of sediment to be moved or resuspended by water forces.

27
Q

What does the term “grain size timeseries” refer to?

A

It refers to the analysis of sediment grain size over time.

28
Q

How are boundary layers significant in sediment transport?

A

They influence the shear stress and movement of sediment particles.

29
Q

What seasonal months are highlighted for sediment mobility observations?

A

December—February and June—August

30
Q

What effect do major storm events have on the coastal environment?

A

They can significantly alter sediment transport and coastal dynamics.

31
Q

Which sediment types dominate in the slope beyond the shelf edge?

A

Mud predominates

32
Q

What is essential for understanding sediment transport according to the lecture?

A

Understanding the mechanisms and factors influencing sediment movement is essential.

33
Q

What is the significance of sediment sources and sinks?

A

They are crucial for maintaining sediment budgets and understanding coastal changes.

34
Q

What aspect of sediment transport does “eustatic change” reference?

A

It refers to global changes in sea level that affect coastal areas.

MAR 333 - Unit 1 (7 decks)

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