Principles of Research Ethics Flashcards
Provided basis on which specific guidelines may be formulated, criticized, and interpreted
Ethical principles
To assess that research is conducted in accordance to basis ethical principles
Ethical Guidelines
Fundamental Ethical Principles for Research
- Respect for Persons
- Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
- Justice
Identified 3 basic principles among those generally accepted in our cultural tradition that are particularly relevant to ethical research involving human subjects
Belmont Report - April 18, 1979
Three elements of the informed consent
- Information
- Comprehension
- Voluntariness
Act in such a way to respect the patient in his/her right to responsibility decide whether to accept or refuse a suggested treatment
Respect for Autonomy
Participants should be given the opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them
Respect for Autonomy
Respect for personal dignity and cultural values
Respect for Autonomy
Patient confidentiality
Respect for Autonomy
Best exemplified by the informed consent process
Respect for Autonomy
Maximize best possible benefit and minimize possible harm
Beneficence/Non maleficence
Individual vs. Society
Beneficence/Non maleficence
Right actions are those that have a preponderance of good consequences over bad
Beneficence/Non maleficence
Physical harm and psychological harm
Beneficence/Non maleficence
Fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research
Distributive Justice
Involvement of different population groups
Distributive Justice
Standard of Care
Distributive Justice
Differences in distribution of burdens and benefits are justifiable only if they are base on morally relevant distinctions, such as vulnerability
Distributive Justice
Insurance during research
Compensatory Justice
Monetary compensation
Compensatory Justice
Research should be responsive to the health needs and priorities of the population where the research is conducted
Compensatory Justice
What should be given to participants after the end of trial
Reciprocal Justice
It is unjust for research subjects to be made worse off afterwards than they were during the research
Reciprocal Justice
It is ethically unacceptable for external sponsors to conduct research in developing countries and leave nothing behind when the research is over
Reciprocal Justice
