Principles of Research Ethics

Question 1

Provided basis on which specific guidelines may be formulated, criticized, and interpreted

Answer 1

Ethical principles

Question 2

To assess that research is conducted in accordance to basis ethical principles

Answer 2

Ethical Guidelines

Question 3

Fundamental Ethical Principles for Research

Answer 3

1. Respect for Persons
2. Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
3. Justice

Question 4

Identified 3 basic principles among those generally accepted in our cultural tradition that are particularly relevant to ethical research involving human subjects

Answer 4

Belmont Report - April 18, 1979

Question 5

Three elements of the informed consent

Answer 5

1. Information
2. Comprehension
3. Voluntariness

Question 6

Act in such a way to respect the patient in his/her right to responsibility decide whether to accept or refuse a suggested treatment

Answer 6

Respect for Autonomy

Question 7

Participants should be given the opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them

Answer 7

Respect for Autonomy

Question 8

Respect for personal dignity and cultural values

Answer 8

Respect for Autonomy

Question 9

Patient confidentiality

Answer 9

Respect for Autonomy

Question 10

Best exemplified by the informed consent process

Answer 10

Respect for Autonomy

Question 11

Maximize best possible benefit and minimize possible harm

Answer 11

Beneficence/Non maleficence

Question 12

Individual vs. Society

Answer 12

Beneficence/Non maleficence

Question 13

Right actions are those that have a preponderance of good consequences over bad

Answer 13

Beneficence/Non maleficence

Question 14

Physical harm and psychological harm

Answer 14

Beneficence/Non maleficence

Question 15

Fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research

Answer 15

Distributive Justice

Question 16

Involvement of different population groups

Answer 16

Distributive Justice

Question 17

Standard of Care

Answer 17

Distributive Justice

Question 18

Differences in distribution of burdens and benefits are justifiable only if they are base on morally relevant distinctions, such as vulnerability

Answer 18

Distributive Justice

Question 19

Insurance during research

Answer 19

Compensatory Justice

Question 20

Monetary compensation

Answer 20

Compensatory Justice

Question 21

Research should be responsive to the health needs and priorities of the population where the research is conducted

Answer 21

Compensatory Justice

Question 22

What should be given to participants after the end of trial

Answer 22

Reciprocal Justice

Question 23

It is unjust for research subjects to be made worse off afterwards than they were during the research

Answer 23

Reciprocal Justice

Question 24

It is ethically unacceptable for external sponsors to conduct research in developing countries and leave nothing behind when the research is over

Answer 24

Reciprocal Justice