Principles Of Pharmacology

Question 1

What term describes the official name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it?

Answer 1

Generic name

Question 2

What term describes the commercial name given to a drug by the company that produce and market it

Answer 2

Brand or trade name

Question 3

The movement of a drug from the site of administration to various tissues of the body is what kind of pharmacokinetic action?

Answer 3

Absorption

Question 4

The movement of a drug by the circulatory system to the intended site of action is what kind of pharmacokinetic action?

Answer 4

Distribution

Question 5

The change or bio transformation that occurs in a drug into a more or less potent, soluble, or inactive form is what kind of a pharmacokinetic action?

Answer 5

Metabolism

Question 6

The elimination of a drug or its metabolites from the body to the external environment through the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, skin, or lungs is what kind of pharmacokinetic action?

Answer 6

Excretion

Question 7

What is the term given to the altered version of a drug after biotransformation occurs?

Answer 7

Metabolite

Question 8

In what organ does the majority of a drug’s biotransformation occur?

Answer 8

Liver

Question 9

What term describes the intended effects of drug?

Answer 9

Therapuetic effect

Question 10

What term describe the unintended effects of drug?

Answer 10

Side effect and adverse effect

Question 11

What is another term for drugs able to be purchased “over the counter?”

Answer 11

Nonprescription drugs

Question 12

What term describes a drug that has been identified by the federal government as being potentially harmful if its administration is not supervised by a licensed health provider such as a physician, nurse practitioner, or physcian’s assistant?

Answer 12

Prescription drug

Question 13

What is the name of the process that addresses how various drug forms affect the dissolution, absorption rate, and onset of action of a drug?

Answer 13

Pharmaceutics

Question 14

What form of oral drug is expected to have the longest absorption rate?

Answer 14

Tablets that have enteric coating

Question 15

What are the terms used to describe oral medications that come in forms that delay release of the medication?

Answer 15

Enteric coated (EC), extended release (ER)

Question 16

What is the term for the medication that is injected into a vein, subcutaneous tissue, or muscle tissue?

Answer 16

Parenteral

Question 17

What is the term for a medication applied directly to the skin?

Answer 17

Topical or transdermal

Question 18

What is the term for the time it takes a medication in the body to decrease in amount by half?

Answer 18

Half-life

Question 19

What is the term for the amount of time it takes a medication to demonstrate a therapeutic response?

Answer 19

Onset of action

Question 20

What is the term for the amount of time it takes for a drug to demonstrate its full therapeutic effect?

Answer 20

Peak effect

Question 21

What is the term for the length of time that a medication’s therapeutic effect lasts?

Answer 21

Duration

Question 22

What is the term for the point in time when a drug is at its highest level in the body?

Answer 22

Peak level

Question 23

What is the term for the point in time when a drug is at its lowest level in the body?

Answer 23

Trough level

Question 24

What type of drug binds with the receptor site on a cell and ellicits a greater than typical response?

Answer 24

Agonist

Question 25

What type of drug binds with the receptor site on a cell and either blocks or precipitates a less than typical response?

Answer 25

Antagonist

Question 26

What is the name of the process that occurs when a drug changes a target molecule’s typical response by inhibiting or enhancing the action of an enzyme that affects the target molecule?

Answer 26

Selective interaction

Question 27

What is the term for the unintended effects of a drug that commonly occurs when a therapeutic dose of the drug is given?

Answer 27

Side effects

Question 28

What is the term for the unintended effects os a drug that occur when the therapeutic dose of the drug causes severe or life-threatening effects?

Answer 28

Adverse effect

Question 29

What is the name of the exaggerated response by the body’s immune system to a drug that precipitates a massive release of histamine and other chemical mediators?

Answer 29

Anaphylactic shock

Question 30

What are some of the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

Answer 30

1. Swelling of the eyes, face, mouth, and throat
2. Difficulty breathing and wheezing
3. Rapid heart rate
4. Extremely low blood pressure
5. Cardiac arrest

Question 31

What is the initial focus of treatment for anaphylactic shock?

Answer 31

1. Re-establishment of an airway and oxygen therapy
2. Administration of epinephrine to raise the pressure and dilate bronchi
3. Administration of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to block the additional release of histamine

Question 32

What is the term for the body’s decreased response to a drug that is given over a period of time?

Answer 32

Drug tolerance

Question 33

What is the term for the drug effect that occurs when the amount of drug given is greater than the rate at which it is being excreted?

Answer 33

Cumulative drug effect

Question 34

What incident occurs when drugs are administered in excessive dosages or impaired excretion of the drug allows it to build up in the body until toxic levels are reached and toxic effects become evident?

Answer 34

Drug toxicity

Question 35

What is the term for medications or certain foods that should not be used in conjunction with selected drugs due to their potential to cause serious or life- threatening adverse effects?

Answer 35

Contraindication

Question 36

What term describes the process that occurs when one drug changes the way another drug affects the body?

Answer 36

Drug-drug interaction

Question 37

What term describes the process that occurs when the effect of one drug is greater or potentiated when given with another drug?

Answer 37

Synergistic effect

Question 38

What term describes the process that occurs when the effect of one drug is decreased or blocked when given with another drug?

Answer 38

Antagonist effect

Question 39

What term describes the process that occurs when food changes the way a drug affects the body?

Answer 39

Drug- food interaction

Question 40

What is the pregnancy safety category for medication that poses a possible risk to the fetus?

Answer 40

Category D

Question 41

What is the pregnancy safety category for a medication that poses a significant risk to the fetus?

Answer 41

Category X

Question 42

What physiological feature of the brain of an infant allows drugs to enter the brain that normally would be blocked in an adult patient?

Answer 42

Less effective blood-brain barrier

Question 43

At what age in children does the rate of drug metabolism reach that of an adult?

Answer 43

12 years old

Question 44

What pharmacokinetic process in an infant is decreased due to reduced perfusion of the kidney?

Answer 44

Excretion

Question 45

What physiologic changes occur in the kidneys of older adults that reduce the excretion of drugs?

Answer 45

Decreased blood flow to kidneys and glomerular filtration rate

Question 46

What physiologic changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract of older adults that reduce the absorption of drugs?

Answer 46

Decreased gastric pH, emptying, intestinal absorption, peristalsis

Question 47

What are some methods by which patient knowledge is evaluated after patient instructions have been given?

Answer 47

1. Ask drug-related questions
2. Ask patient to repeat information given
3. Require a return demonstration when administration of the drug requires a special technique

Question 48

The change that occurs in a drug as it passes through the liver is referred to as what kind of pharmacokinetic action?

Answer 48

Biotransformation