Principles of Pharm Flashcards
Any chemical that effects living process
drug
study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
pharmacology
study of drugs in humans
clinical pharmacology
use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or prevent pregnancy or simply the medical use of drugs
pharmocotherapeutics
Properties of Ideal Drug
Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
drug that can actually treat what needs to be treated
effective drug
drug that cannot produce harmful effects - all drugs can produce harmful effects but with proper dosing and selection can reduce harm
safe drug
drug that only elicits the response for which it is given
selective drug
Other drug characteristics
reversible action predictability ease of administration low cost chemical stability - moisture can decrease effectiveness "keeping medicine in bathroom"
Objective that provides maximum benefit with minimal harm.
Therapeutic objective
4 phases of pharmacokinetics
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
Types of passage ways of drugs across membranes
channels and pores
transport systems - (P-glycoprotein transporter)
direct penetration of the cell membrane
only small ions such as K and Na can go through
channels and pores
type of transport system that is selective, may require energy, moves drug out of cells. ex: liver, kidney, placenta, intestines, brain.
p- glycoprotein
movement of drug from its site of administration to bloodstream
absorption
Positives of IV route
rapid precise large volume if needed emergencies if unable to take PO
Negatives of IV route
irreversible once administered infection can cause fluid overload embolism special training to place iv line
IM/SQ route adv/dis
advantages: quick (30mins)
disadvantages: painful, few administration sites, bleeding risk, less convenient for oral