Principles of Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Any chemical that effects living process

A

drug

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2
Q

study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

A

pharmacology

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3
Q

study of drugs in humans

A

clinical pharmacology

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4
Q

use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or prevent pregnancy or simply the medical use of drugs

A

pharmocotherapeutics

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5
Q

Properties of Ideal Drug

A

Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity

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6
Q

drug that can actually treat what needs to be treated

A

effective drug

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7
Q

drug that cannot produce harmful effects - all drugs can produce harmful effects but with proper dosing and selection can reduce harm

A

safe drug

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8
Q

drug that only elicits the response for which it is given

A

selective drug

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9
Q

Other drug characteristics

A
reversible action 
predictability
ease of administration 
low cost
chemical stability - moisture can decrease effectiveness "keeping medicine in bathroom"
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10
Q

Objective that provides maximum benefit with minimal harm.

A

Therapeutic objective

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11
Q

4 phases of pharmacokinetics

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

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12
Q

Types of passage ways of drugs across membranes

A

channels and pores
transport systems - (P-glycoprotein transporter)
direct penetration of the cell membrane

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13
Q

only small ions such as K and Na can go through

A

channels and pores

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14
Q

type of transport system that is selective, may require energy, moves drug out of cells. ex: liver, kidney, placenta, intestines, brain.

A

p- glycoprotein

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15
Q

movement of drug from its site of administration to bloodstream

A

absorption

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16
Q

Positives of IV route

A
rapid
precise
large volume if needed
emergencies 
if unable to take PO
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17
Q

Negatives of IV route

A
irreversible once administered
infection 
can cause fluid overload
embolism 
special training to place iv line
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18
Q

IM/SQ route adv/dis

A

advantages: quick (30mins)
disadvantages: painful, few administration sites, bleeding risk, less convenient for oral

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19
Q

med will dissolve in intestines; “plastic covering over tablet

A

enteric coated

20
Q

filled with “beads”

A

sustained release

21
Q

what exits the blood when there is kidney damage

A

albumin

22
Q

what binds 99% of the time with albumin rather than receptor sites (drug won’t work as well if binded to albumin); only 1% actually goes to tissues

A

warfarin

23
Q

which drug binds to 10% of albumin, leaving 90% absorbed in tissues

A

gentamicin

24
Q

what can limit distribution of medicines due to having no capillaries

A

abscesses and tumors

25
Q

what kind of drugs can cross the BBB

A

lipid soluble drugs

26
Q

governs on what is legally responsible as nurses. nurse legally responsible for any drugs administered

A

Nurse Practice Act

27
Q

when something goes wrong, and how to fix the problem.

EX: barcode scanning blood product doesnt work correctly

A

Patient safety reporting

28
Q

enzymatic alteration of drug structure

A

metabolism or biotransformation (in liver)

29
Q

metabolism in the liver is performed by what microsomal enzyme system

A

Cytochrome P450

30
Q

Rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs. Drug can be completely inactivated and no therapeutic effects are shown given PO.

A

First Pass Effect

31
Q

What to do for the first pass effect

A

Give medicine IV (parenterally) first to see effects and then to PO

32
Q

leaves body quickly, amount of time required for the drug to decrease by 50% of absorption

A

half-life

33
Q

drugs that activate or turn on receptor sites

A

agonist

34
Q

drugs that prevent receptor sites from being activated

ex: Narcan and antihistamines

A

antagonists

35
Q

Drug-drug interactions can cause?

A
  • increased intensity
  • decreased effects
  • new response (especially if combo)
36
Q

Grapefruit juice interacts with what

A

statins and calcium channel blockers

37
Q

Greens interacts with what

A

warfarin

38
Q

theopyhlin interacts with what

A

caffeine

39
Q

potassium sparing diuretics interacts with what

A

potassium salt substitutes

40
Q

albumin containing antacids (Maalox) interacts with what

A

orange juice (increases absorption of Maalox)

41
Q

any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses

A

adverse drug reaction

42
Q

degree of detrimental physiologic effect caused by excessive drug dosing

A

Toxicity

43
Q

immune response that occurs prior sensitization occurs, can be mild to life threatening, re-exposure of drug will illicit what?

A

allergic reaction

44
Q

uncommon drug response usually resulting from a genetic or unknown predisposition

A

idiosyncratic effect

45
Q

when transition of care occurs, hospital admission, discharge, moving to a different level of the hospital. List of current meds, make list of new meds

A

Medication reconciliation