Principles Of Operative Surgery

Question 1

The

Question 2

Discovered that the incidence of puerperal fever (also
known as “childbed fever”) could be decreased by the
hand disinfection in obstetrical clinics

Answer 2

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 3

Demonstrated that fermentation is caused by a living

organism (not a chemical reaction)

Answer 3

Louis Pasteur

Question 4

Proved that speaking during operations encouraged droplet infection (a term coined by him)

Answer 4

von Mikulicz-Radecki

Question 5

Introduced rubber gloves for his scrub nurse.

• The introduction of antibiotics was a major step in the treatment of infections

Answer 5

William Steward Halsted (1852-1922

Question 6

Pioneer of antiseptic surgery
• Promoted the idea of sterile surgery
• Introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol) to
sterilize surgical instruments and to clean wound

Answer 6

Joseph Lister

Question 7

Recognition that hands, body, instruments were more
likely source of infection than air
• Led to sterilization, cleaning patient, handwashing,
eventually gloves and masks

Answer 7

Ernst von Bergmann

Question 8

constructed an apparatus for sterilization of

surgical material and instruments with dry steam.

Answer 8

Friedrich Trendelenburg

Question 9

Bloodgood invented rubber gloves for protection of a surgeon’s hands from infections

Answer 9

Joseph Colt Bloodgood

Question 10

1897: first to use gloves for protection of a wound from

a surgeon’s hands

Answer 10

William Halsted Y. and Isege

Question 11

Constructed a sterilizing machine for boiling the instruments

Answer 11

Bergman E. and Shimelbus K.

Question 12

Preoperative Showers

Answer 12

Within 12 hours prior OR

Question 13

recommended Skin Drapes

Answer 13

cotton fabric drape

Question 14

should be used for skin preparation prior to surgery

Answer 14

Hexachlorophene, chlorhexidine or povidone- iodine

Question 15

C

Question 16

The measure to prevent an infection from entering a wound are referred to

Answer 16

asepsis

Question 17

those to cause the exclusion or destruction of harmful microbes are called

Answer 17

antisepsis

Question 18

Remove/reduce/kill microorganisms from hands and objects

Answer 18

Aseptic Technique

Question 19

Sterile persons:

Answer 19

o Chiefsurgeon
o Assistant-surgeon
o Scrubnurse

Question 20

The time method of all surgical scrubs

Answer 20

3-5 minutes

Question 21

scrub the spaces under the fingernails of the right or left hand with how many stroke

Answer 21

30 circular strokes

Question 22

Lather digits; scrub

Answer 22

20 circular strokes

Question 23

Lather palm, back of hand, heel of hand, and space between thumb and index finger

Answer 23

20 circular strokes

Question 24

Preferred method gloving technique. Provides a bacterial barrier between patient and surgeon.

Answer 24

GLOVING BY THE CLOSED HAND TECHNIQUE

Question 25

These are quick, sustained, and durable, with broader spectrum antimicrobial activity

Ideal for longer open surgeries with the potential for irrigation or surgical spillage.

Answer 25

Alcohol-based Solution

Question 26

Contain iodine complexed with a solubilizing agent,
allowing for the release of free iodine when in a solution
• Iodine acts in an antiseptic manner by destroying microbial
proteins and DNA.

Answer 26

Aqueous-based Iodophors (Povidine Iodine)

Question 27

an antiseptic skin solution that contains iodine povacrylex in
isopropyl alcohol
• Shows durability in the surgical/procedural environment
and enhances adhesion between surgical drapes and the prepared skin surface, theoretically limiting the spread of organisms onto the surgical field.

Answer 27

DuraPrep Solution

Question 28

Considered sterile:

Answer 28

from waist to shoulder

the top of a draped table