Principles of Oncology

Question 1

extent of cancer based on physical exam, imaging tests and any biopsies done prior to treatment

Answer 1

Clinical staging

Question 2

what is determined through surgery and different stains/tests on the tumor tissue/cells

Answer 2

pathological staging

Question 3

pathological description of the cellular characterisitic
* measures the degree of anaplasia or deviation of growth from original cell type

Answer 3

grade of a tumor

Question 4

retains many characteristics of parent cell and tends to be less aggressive and have better prognosis

Answer 4

low grade

Question 5

characterized by a loss of features of original cell (dysplasia) and tends to be more aggressive with less favorable prognonsis

Answer 5

high grade

Question 6

TNM staging

Answer 6

tumor (size, characterisitic): 1-4
N= (lymph) nodes: 0-1
M= metasases: 0-1

Question 7

general term for a broad group of cancers that begin in the bones and soft tissues- can occur in various locations in the body

Answer 7

sarcoma

Question 8

place where cancer originates

Answer 8

primary tumor

Question 9

any place that the cancer spreads to or not the primary site

Answer 9

metastatic tumor

Question 10

Ann arbor stage I

Answer 10

singly lymph node region (I) or single extralymphatic organ or site

Question 11

Ann arbor stage II

Answer 11

> /= 2 lymph node regions on same side of the diagphragm (II) or with limited contiguous extra lymphatic tissue involvement

Question 12

Ann arbor stage III

Answer 12

both sides of the diaphragm involved, may include spleen or local tissue involvment

Question 13

Ann arbor stage IV

Answer 13

multiple/disseminated foci involved with 1 extralymphatic organs (i.e, bone marrow_

Question 14

what does designating A or B in the Ann arbor staging system mean?

Answer 14

A or B designates absence/presence of B symptoms (fevers, night sweats, weight loss)