Principles of Oncology Flashcards
Which tumours typically spread to bone?
Breast
Bronchus
Renal
Thyroid
Prostate
Which metastases tend to be hyper vascular?
renal
What is the most common cause of osteolytic bone metastasis in children?
Neuroblastoma
Non operative treatment of osteolytic lesions?
Hypercalcaemia- Treat with re hydration and bisphosphonates.
Pain- Opiate analgesics and radiotherapy.
Some tumours such as breast and prostate will benefit from chemotherapy and or hormonal agents.
MOA of antimetabolite drugs?
S Phase specific drug, mimics uracil and is incorporated into RNA e.g. 5FU
MOA of anthracyclines?
Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating base pairs e.g. doxorubicin
MOA of topoisomerase inhibitors?
Inhibits topoisomerase II, prevents efficient DNA coiling e.g etoposide
MOA of platinum?
Crosslinks DNA, this then distorts molecule and induces apoptosis (similar to alkylating agents) e.g. cisplatin
MOA of alkylating agents?
Phosphoramide mustard forms DNA crosslinks and then cell death e.g. cyclophosphamide
MOA of taxanes?
Disrupts microtubule formation e.g. docetaxal
What does metastatic bone pain respond to?
NSAIDs, bisphosphonates or radiotherapy
Conversion from oral codeine to oral morphine
/10
Conversion from oral tramadol to oral morphine?
/5
Conversion from oral morphine to oral oxycodone?
/2
Conversion from oral morphine to subcutaneous diamorphine?
/3