Principles of Neuroscience

Question 1

Neuroscience

Answer 1

the study of the neuron, nerves, and nervous system

Question 2

Branches of Neuroscience

Answer 2

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Neuroanatomy
Neuroradiology
Neuroembryology
Neuropathology

Question 3

Neurology

Answer 3

Study of diseases that disrupt the normal structural and physiological aspects of the nervous system

Question 4

Neurosuregery

Answer 4

surgical removal of dysfunctioning structures

Question 5

Neuroanatomy

Answer 5

study of structural framework for the nervous system

Question 6

Neuroradiology

Answer 6

imaging techniques for differentiating pathologies and treatment (tx)
*CT scans, MRI, etc.

Question 7

Neuroembryology

Answer 7

study of the development of the nervous system

Question 8

Teratology

Answer 8

study of fetal malformations, cranial malformations

Question 9

Are dendrites different in the brains of people with ASD?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

At what week do all the brain structures emerge in a fetus

Answer 10

7 weeks

Question 11

Neuropathology

Answer 11

study of the origins of diseases of the nervous system

Question 12

Principles of the human brain

Answer 12

Interconnectivity
Centrality of CNS
Laterality
Functional Networking
Topographical Representation
Neuroplasticity

Question 13

Interconnectivity

Answer 13

the brain’s neurons connect association areas, primary cortical areas and cortical association areas to create tracts, pathways, and networks
Association and commissural fibers

Question 14

Semantic Feature Analysis

Answer 14

Using auditory, visual, phonetic, and sensory stimuli to make somebody understand what you are talking about

Question 15

CNS

Answer 15

responsible for integrating app incoming and outgoing information and for formulating responses to information received
All decision-making happens in the CNS by analyzing and synthesizing multiple sources of information to generate a distinct response

Question 16

Volitional

Answer 16

the cognitive process by which an individual decides on and commits to a particular course of action

Question 17

Reflex

Answer 17

an elicited, environmental response

Question 18

How is the CNS organized

Answer 18

A hierarchy
Lower level structures are responsible for lower functions– and these lower structures are influenced by structures higher up in the CNS

Question 19

SC

Answer 19

Lowest level of the CNS

Simple sensory and motor functions (reflexes

Question 20

Brainstem and Diencephalon

Answer 20

intermediate level

house systems that regulate consciousness, blood pressure, sleep, neurotransmitters ect

Question 21

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 21

highest level

Complex sensorimotor integration, decision making

Question 22

3 subprinciples of laterality

Answer 22

Bilateral anatomical symmetry
Unilateral functional differences
Contralateral sensorimotor control

Question 23

Bilateral anatomical symmetry

Answer 23

Both hemispheres are essentially similar with only a few minor differences (planum temporal)

Question 24

Planum temporal

Answer 24

In 65% of all individuals the left planum temporale appears to be more developed, while the right planum temporale is more developed in only 10%. It is a triangular region which forms the heart of Wernicke’s area, one of the most important functional areas for language. It plays an important role in auditory processing with recent research suggesting that the region is responsible for representing the location of sounds in space

Question 25

Unilateral functional differences

Answer 25

Immediately following birth both hemispheres have equal potential to develop functions and skills
BUT… during the first 2 years of life, each hemisphere acquires a preference for certain functions

Question 26

Left Hemisphere

Answer 26

Language
Speech
Analytical Processing

Question 27

Right Hemisphere

Answer 27

Emotions
Musical skills
Metaphors 
Humor
Temporal-spatial attributes
Regulation of paralinguistic features

Question 28

Contralateral Sensorimotor Control

Answer 28

All sensory and motor fibers in the nervous system decussate (cross) the midline
Sensory info from right half of body projects to left sensory cortex AND
Left motor cortex controls movement in the right half of the body