Principles of Neoplasia

Question 1

3 important features of neoplasia

Answer 1

Neoplasia growth is unregulated, irreversible, and monoclonal.

Question 2

How is clonality determined?

Answer 2

Clonality can be determined by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme isoforms or androgen receptor isoforms. Both are present on the X chromosome. Multiple isoforms exist; only one isoform is inherited from each parent. Therefore in females, the normal ratio of active isoforms in cells of any tissue is 1:1.

Question 3

How is clonality of B lymphocytes determined?

Answer 3

Clonality of B lymphocyte is determined by Ig light chain phenotype. - Each B cell expresses light chain that is either app or lambda. Normal kappa to lambda light chain ratio is 3:1. Ratio increases to > 6:1 or is inverted in lymphoma.

Question 4

Which on is monoclonal, benign or malignant neoplastic tumors?

Answer 4

Both!

Question 5

Top 3 causes of death in adults and children.

Answer 5

Adults: 1) CVD 2) Cancer 3) Cerebrovascular disease. Children: 1) Accidents 2) Cancer 3) Congenital defects.

Question 6

Most common cancers by incidence in adults.

Answer 6

1) Breast/prostate 2) Lung 3) Colorectal

Question 7

Most common cancers by mortality in adults.

Answer 7

1) Lung 2) Breast/prostate 3) Colorectal

Question 8

How many cell divisions need to occur before earliest clinical symptoms arise?

Answer 8

30 divisions