Principles of Motor Learning Flashcards
What is ‘acquisition’ in PML?
When a client can do a task under ideal conditions with lots of support
What is ‘learning’ in PML?
When a task is transferred and generalised to all contexts and activities in a client’s life
What is the purpose of pre-practice?
To establish knowledge of the task, work towards production of the task (or close approximation) and develop an internal reference of correctness.
What kind of feedback is used in pre-practice?
Knowledge of performance - specific and high dose
What is the purpose of practice?
To learn and generalise a task to daily life
What is knowledge of performance feedback?
Telling the client what the did what right or wrong with specific feedback on how they performed and how they could improve
When is a client ready to move from pre-practice to practice?
When they understand the task, can successfully execute it in part or full, and they have an accurate internal reference of correctness
Aspects of pre-practice?
motivation verbal information modelling perceptual training client attempts
EBP Principles for practice phase?
- large amount
- distributed across the day
- variable and random practice
- external attentional focus (focus on outcome of movement)
- complex targets
What kind of feedback in practice phase?
Knowledge of results, low frequency and delayed (Bislick et al 2012)
What is knowledge of results feedback?
telling client their production is right or wrong (on or off target) or rating it on a scale, but with no detail why
Why is knowledge of result feedback best delayed and low frequency?
enhances intrinsic learning and facilitates error detection and self evaluation
What is negative practice?
comparing old way of production to new way to consolidate learning
Why use PML?
optimises retention of new motor skills (Maas et al 2008)
