Principles Of Management Flashcards
Management
The attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning organizing leading and controlling organizational resources.
Organization
A social entity that is goal directed and deliberately structured
Effectiveness
The degree to which the organization achieves a stated goal
Efficiency
The use of minimal resources–raw materials, money, and people to produce a desired volume of output
Performance
The organization’s ability to attain its goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner
Role
A set of expectations for one’s behavior.
Interim manager
A manager who is not affiliated with a specific organization but works on a project by project basis or provides expertise to organizations in a specific area
What is a learning organization?
An organization in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment, improve, and increase its capability
Classical perspective
A management perspective that emerged during the 19th and early 20th centuries that emphasized a rational scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines
Scientific management
A subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practices as a solution to improving labor productivity
Bureaucratic organizations
A subset of the classical management perspective that emphasized management on an impersonal rational basis through such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal record keeping, and separation of management and ownership
What are administrative principles?
A subfield that focuses on the total organization rather than the individual worker delineating the management functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling
Humanistic perspective
A management perspective that emerged in 1938 and emphasized understanding human behavior, needs, and attitude in the workplace
What is the human relations movement?
A movement in management thinking and practice that emphasizes satisfaction of employees basic needs as a key to increased worker productivity.
What are the Hawthorne studies?
A series of experiments on worker productivity begun in 1924 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Illinois; attributed employees increased output to managers’ better treatment of them during the study
Human resources perspective
A management perspective that suggests jobs should be designed to meet higher-level needs by allowing workers to use their full potential
Behavioral sciences approach
A subfield of the humanistic management perspective that applies social science in an organizational context and draws from economics, psychology, sociology, and other disciplines.
Management science perspective
A management perspective that emerged during World War II and applied mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to managerial problems
What is total quality management?
A concert that focuses on managing the total organization to deliver quality to customers. Four significant elements of TQM are employee involvement, focus on the customer, benchmarking, and continuous improvement.
What is the organizational environment?
All elements existing outside the organization’s boundaries that have the potential to affect the organization
General environment
The layer of the external environment that affects the organization indirectly
Task environment
The layer of the external environment that directly influences the organization’s operations and performance
Internal environment
The environment that includes elements within the organization’s boundaries
International dimension
Portion of the external environment that represents events originating in foreign countries as well as opportunities for US companies in other countries
