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Large Animal Surgery > Principles of Large Animal Surgery > Flashcards

Principles of Large Animal Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important thing to reduce post-op infections?

A

Good surgical technique

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2
Q

Oxytetracycline covers what spectrum of antimicrobial?

A

Gram positive and negative

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3
Q

Is Oxytetracycline bacteriostatic and bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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4
Q

What is the withdrawal time of Oxytetracycline?

A

Meat: 28 days
Milk: 4 days

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5
Q

Penicillin covers which spectrums of organism?

A

A. pyogenes and anaerobes
NOTE: Not effective against Gram negative

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6
Q

Is Penicillin bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

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7
Q

What is the withdrawal time of Penicillin?

A

Meat: 16 days
Milk: 5 days

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8
Q

Ceftiofur covers which spectrum of organism?

A

Gram positive and negative
NOTE: Includes beta-lactamase producing strains

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9
Q

You can add Penicillin to Ceftiofur as your antimicrobial protocol for which procedure?

A

Enterotomy

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10
Q

Which form of Ceftiofur has no withdrawal time?

A

Ceftiofur sodium (Naxcel)

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11
Q

What is the withdrawal time of Ceftiofur hydrochloride (Excenel)?

A

Meat: 2 days
Milk: None

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12
Q

Flunixin meglumine is labeled for what three things for cattle in the USA?

A

Pyrexia, endotoxemia, mastitis

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13
Q

What is the withdrawal time of flunixin meglumine?

A

Meat: 4 days
Milk: 36 hours

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14
Q

Ketoprofen is only labeled for cattle in the USA for what?

A

Pyrexia in bovine respiratory disease

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15
Q

Which demographic of animals can Ketoprofen NOT be used in?

A

Dairy cattle older than 1 year

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16
Q

What is the withdrawal time of Ketoprofen?

A

Meat: 48 hours

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17
Q

Meloxicam is labeled for use in cattle in Canada for what?

A

Castration

18
Q

Which demographic of animals is Meloxicam NOT to be used in?

A

Lactating dairy cattle or veal calves

19
Q

What is the withdrawal time for Meloxicam?

A

At least 35 days

20
Q

Which species is tetanus prophylaxis MOST important?

A

Horses and lambs

21
Q

What are the two challenges of GA for equines during induction?

A
  • Experienced handlers
  • Appropriate facilities
22
Q

What are the four challenges of GA for equines during the procedure?

A
  • Hypotension
  • Hypoxemia
  • Myopathy
  • Neuropathy
23
Q

What is the challenge of GA for equines during recovery?

A

Injuries

24
Q

What challenge does GA have on a bovine’s rumen?

A
  • Bloat
  • Regurgitation
  • Ventilation
25
Q

What challenges does the weight of a bovine have during GA?

A
  • Myopathy
  • Neutropathy
26
Q

What should we be concerned with when using anesthetic agents in bovine patients?

A

Withdrawal periods

27
Q

What is the anesthetic technique where a linear infiltration is made along the incision line?

A

Line Block

28
Q

What are the four disadvantages of using a line block?

A
  • Less effective in inflamed tissues
  • Edema can distort incision causing difficulty of closing
  • Wound healing delayed
  • Large volume of LA needed
29
Q

When performing the Inverted L-block, what are your landmarks?

A

Ventrolateral aspect of lumbar transverse processes and caudal aspect of last rib

30
Q

What are the two advantages for the Inverted L-block technique?

A
  • Do edema or hematoma formation
  • Does not affect healing
31
Q

What are the two disadvantages of the Inverted L-block technique?

A
  • Possible incomplete analgesia and muscle relaxation of deeper layers
  • VERY large volume of LA
32
Q

When performing regional anesthesia, what is being desensitized?

A

Peripheral nerves

33
Q

When performing a proximal paravertebral block, where do you place your needle?

A

Caudal border of T13, L1, and L2 transverse processes

34
Q

What are three complications of the proximal paravertebral block?

A
  • Scoliosis
  • Moderate ataxia
  • Penetration of blood vessels
35
Q

When performing a distal paravertebral block, where do you place your needle?

A

Parallel to tip of transverse processes of L1, L2, and L4

36
Q

Does scoliosis occur when performing a distal paravertebral block?

A

No

37
Q

True or False: With the Bier block technique, it is appropriate to use epinephrine.

A

False

38
Q

What are the three risks of using the Bier block technique?

A
  • Systemic toxicity
  • Ischemia and persistent lameness
  • Reperfusion injury/collapse
39
Q

What two locations can you use when performing an epidural?

A
  • Sacrococcygeal joint
  • Between 1st and 2nd intercoccygeal space
40
Q

What structures are anesthetized during a caudal/low epidural?

A
  • Pelvic viscera
  • Genitalia
  • Perianal region
41
Q

What structures are anesthetized during an anterior/high epidural?

A
  • Hindlimbs
  • Mammary tissue
  • Flank
  • Abdominal wall

Large Animal Surgery (1 decks)

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