Principles of Infection Control Flashcards
What are the 5 Is of infection?
Ways an infection can spread:
Inhalation
Ingection
Inoculation (direct/indirect)
Mother to Infant
Intercourse
Why are the 5 Is important?
By knowing method of spread, transmission can be interrupted
What is the chain of transmission?
Pathogenic microorganism Reservoir Means of escape Mode of transmission Means of entry Host susceptibility
Give an example of the chain of transmission of a microorganism
HIV:
Reservoir - Humans
Means of escape - Innoculation, reused needles, intercourse, mother to infant
Mode of transmission - one mucous membrane to another, via placenta, via blood
Portal of entry
Host susceptibility - condom wearing
What are the infection control precautions in healthcare settings?
Standard - all patients, all the time; protects against known and unknown infection
Transmission based - add on for known/suspected infection:
Contact precautions
Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
What are the 10 methods of standard control precautions?
Hand hygiene Sharps management Clinical waste PPE - Personal Protective Equipment Patient placement Body fluid spillages Environmental cleanliness Clean equipment Laundry Respiratory etiquette
5 moments for hand hygiene?
Before patient contact Before aseptic task After body fluid exposure risk After patient contact After contact with patient surroundings
What are the black and orange bags for?
Black - domestic waste
Orange - clinical waste
NO sharps in EITHER
Why is dealing with spores so difficult? Give an example
Can survive in environment for a long time
C. difficile produces hardy spores
How do droplets spread?
Small droplets evaporate to droplet-nuclei in a zone close to person. These are carried in air currents for minutes/hours
Large droplets - settle to groun in a few seconds
What precautions are taken for droplets?
Single room with ensuite Gloves Apron Mask (surgical for big drops) Eye protection Vaccination
Airborne precautions?
Negative pressure room
gown, gloves, apron, eye protection, FFP3 mask (filter mask)
Vaccination
Principles of removing PPE?
Most contaminated first (front more than back)
Dispose of PPE immediately
Wash hands
