Principles of Homeostatis

Question 1

Define Homeostasis.

Answer 1

A set of processes by which the body tries to maintain a constant internal environment.

Question 2

What are the two major elements of the internal environment?

Answer 2

1. Interstitial fluid

2. Blood plasma

Question 3

List some factors that the internal environment regulates.

Answer 3

1. Core body temperature
2. Blood pressure
3. Blood gases
4. PH levels

Question 4

Describe the feedback loop.

Answer 4

Stimulus is received by a Receptor and then converted into a signal. The signal then travels to an area where it can be interpreted and evaluated by the Controller. The Effector will produce a response to regain the normal value.

Question 5

What are homeostatic mechanisms controlled by?

Answer 5

1. Nervous system

2. Endocrine system

Question 6

Describe the function of a negative feedback mechanism.

Answer 6

A negative feedback reverses any shift away from an optimum state. It will respond or correct mechanisms that will return the value back to the center of the range.

Question 7

What is Glucose Homeostasis?

Answer 7

The balance of insulin and glucagon to maintain blood glucose

Question 8

What is the primary source of fuel for the production of energy?

Answer 8

Carbohydrates

Question 9

What happens to excess glucose that is not required for immediate energy production?

Answer 9

It is stored for later use in the liver,skeletal muscle and apidose tissue.

Question 10

What is the difference between glucose and glycogen?

Answer 10

Glucose and glycogen are both carbohydrates, but glucose is classified as a monosaccharide and sugar.

Glycogen is classified as a complex carbohydrate and starch, and it’s made up of several glucose molecules

Question 11

When blood glucose levels are HIGH what is secreted by which cells in islet of Langerhans?

Answer 11

Insulin-Beta-High levels of glucose is secreted which the gets stored in the liver

Question 12

When blood glucose levels are LOW what is secreted by which cells in islet of Langerhans?

Answer 12

Glucagon-Alpha-Low levels of glucose is secreted which stimulates the pancreas to release glucagon which in turn is broken down in the liver which then releases glucose.

Question 13

What are the receptors in glucose homeostasis?

Answer 13

Alpha cells
Beta cells
Pancreas

Question 14

What are the controllers in glucose homeostasis?

Answer 14

Insulin

Glucogen

Question 15

What are the effectors in glucose homeostasis?

Answer 15

Liver
Skeletal cells
Fat cells

Question 16

Identify the effects of insulin on metabolism.

Answer 16

1. Controls blood glucose levels
2. Converts glucose to glucagen in 3 places: Fat, musco-skeletal cells and proteins
3. The glucose in cells form ATP

Question 17

Identify the effects of Glucagon on metabolism

Answer 17

1. Increases breakdown of glycogen stores to form glucose
2. Increases breakdown of fats resulting in an increase in circulating fatty acids
3. Increased glucose synthesis in the liver and kidneys from the breakdown of fats or proteins