Principles of Geriatric Medicine

Question 1

Human aging is characterized by progressive constriction of the homeostatic reserve of every organ system.

Answer 1

Homeostenosis

Question 2

When is homeostenosis evident

Answer 2

3rd decade

Question 3

Time-consuming even when it is tailored to the problem

Answer 3

evaluation

Question 4

old age

Answer 4

65-75 y/o

Question 5

oldest old

Answer 5

> 85 y/o

Question 6

middle old

Answer 6

75-85 y/o

Question 7

nonagenarian

Answer 7

> 90 y/o

Question 8

Gerontology

Answer 8

the scientific study of aging

Question 9

functions of the msk system

Answer 9

limb movement
structural support
protection of the tissue

Question 10

age- and disease-related loss of adaptation

Answer 10

frailty

Question 11

symptoms of frailty

Answer 11

unintentional weight loss of at least 10 lbs over the year
self-reported exhaustion
weakness
slow walking speed
low physical activity

Question 12

major cause of morbidity in older population

Answer 12

falls

Question 13

common fractures in the older population

Answer 13

forearm, hip, and pelvis

Question 14

risk factors for falls

Answer 14

age
physical impairments
cognitive impairments
previous falls
medications
comorbid conditions
chronic pain and arthritis
poor functional status

Question 15

degenerative disease of the entire joint

Answer 15

Osteoarthritis

Question 16

low bone density among older adults

Answer 16

osteopenia and osteoarthritis

Question 17

bone mineral density score of pts w osteopenia

Answer 17

-1.0-(-2.5)

Question 18

risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis

Answer 18

increasing age
FHx
Glucocorticoid therapy
smoking

Question 19

in what population is low density common

Answer 19

elderly women

Question 20

A leading cause of acute neurologic admissions to hospitals and death worldwide

Answer 20

stroke

Question 21

most common type of stroke

Answer 21

ischemic stroke

Question 22

risk factors of stroke

Answer 22

TIA
HTN
Hyperlipidemia
Heart Disease
Diabetes

Question 23

Poorer outcome associated with increasing age

Answer 23

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Question 24

common causes of TBI

Answer 24

falls
MVA

Question 25

risk factors

Answer 25

physical and cognitive impairment multiple conditions and medications

Question 26

age-related brain atrophy that presents with increased subdural space and tearing of bridging veins

Answer 26

subdural hematoma

Question 27

the patient’s daily function because of executive cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment, and mood, personality, and behavioral changes

Answer 27

dementia

Question 28

dementia is commonly equated with

Answer 28

alzheimer's disease

Question 29

An acute neurocognitive disorder that is transient and usually reversible

Answer 29

delirium

Question 30

in what population does delirium commonly occur?

Answer 30

elder with mental status impairments

Question 31

causes of reversible dementia

Answer 31

SDH np Hydrocephalus depression hormonal imbalances drug and alcohol abuse vitamin deficiency

Question 32

causes of irreversible dementia

Answer 32

alzheimer's parkinson's huntington's AIDS after repeated neurovascular insults severe or repetitive TBI

Question 33

Disturbance in attention and awareness that develops over a short period of time

Answer 33

Delirium

Question 34

A clinical diagnosis used to designate an early, cognitive dysfunction in one or more cognitive domains that is not age-related.

Answer 34

mild cognitive impairment

Question 35

mild cognitive impairment is an identifiable pre-cursor to

Answer 35

alzheimer's

Question 36

hallmark signs of np Hydrocephalus

Answer 36

dementia gait disturbance urinary incontinence ventriculomegaly normal CSF pressures

Question 37

most important clinical sign of np Hydrocephalus

Answer 37

ataxia

Question 38

gait pattern of pts c hydrocephalus

Answer 38

magnetic gait

Question 39

causes of np Hydrocephalus

Answer 39

may be idiopathic, previous meningitis, or subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 40

A progressive neurodegenerative disease present in up to 2% of people older than 60 years

Answer 40

Parkinson's disease

Question 41

manifestations of Parkinson's disease

Answer 41

ataxia bradykinesia tremor cog wheel rigidity

Question 42

characteristics of parkinsonian gait

Answer 42

small, shuffling steps s arm swing

Question 43

cancer is more prevalent among what age group

Answer 43

> 65 y/o

Question 44

types of cancer that contribute to mortality

Answer 44

Prostate Bladder Colorectal Pancreas Stomach Lung Uterus

Question 45

the use of multiple drugs by a pt

Answer 45

polypharmacy