Principles of Flight 2 Flashcards
What 3 components of a Turbofan Engine provide the Thrust force
Air Intake, Compressor, Combustion Chamber, Turbine
What are the 3 movable parts of a wing
Flaps, Slats, Aileron
What parts of the wing are exteded downwards during take off
Flaps and Slats
Why are Flaps and Slats extended for Take off
Air is deflected more giving a greater lifting force
What 3 wing attachments help to Navigate the Plane
Aileron, Elevator and Rudder
What attachment to a Plane is used to Ascend and Descend a Plane
Elevator
What wing Attachments turn the Direction of a Plane
Rudder and Ailerons
What is a semi-automatic and typically computer-regulated system for controlling the flight of an aircraft
Fly-by-wire system
Where are Fuel Tanks typically stored on most planes
The Wings
Why are Flaps activated for Landing
Because the induce Drag
other that Flaps what other movable part of the wing can be activated to slow the plane down
Spoilers
What is the opposite to Thrust
Drag
What is the opposite to lift
weight (Gravity)
What is a good way to experience Drag
By extending your hand out of the widow of a moving car
What is another term for Drag
Air Resistance
What is needed to overcome Drag
Enough Thrust
What Aerodynamic Phenomenon induces Lift
Air Pressure
Who Was the Swiss Mathematician, that experimented with Water pipes that realized fluid pressure
Daniel Bernoulli
Where is air Deflected downwards
Back of the wing
What is the term used that is a number that aerodynamicists use to model all of the complex dependencies of shape, inclination, and some flow conditions on lift.
Coefficient of Lift
What is the term used to describe The pressure imbalance that produces lift that creates a problem at the wing tips. The higher-pressure air below a wing spills up over the wing tip into the area of lower-pressure air above. … are especially strong during takeoff and landing, when an airplane is flying slowly with its wings tilted upward.
Air Vorteices
Aircraft move around how many Axes
3
What are the 3 axes of a plane
Pitch, Roll, Yaw
Whar are the 5 major components of a plane
Fuselage Empanage Wing Powerplant Landing Gear
What is the Fuselage
the central body of an Airlplane
What are the 3 different types of Fuselage designs
Trus, Semi monoqoque, Monoqoque
What are the names given to a 1 wing and 2 wing plane
Monoplane and Bi-plane
Where can the Wings be placed on a Fuselage
Above, On and Below
dependent on where the wings are placed what are planes described as
High, mid or low wing
What are the major components of a wing (8) SWARFS (Metal chips) Plus FLIGHT STUDY
Flap Aileron Fuel Tank Skin Ribs Stringers Spar Wing Tip
What are the Major components of the Empennage (VHR) (ET)
Vertical Stabilizer Horizontal Stabilizer Rudder Trim Tabs Elevator
What does the Rudder do
Yaws the Plane
What doe the Elevator do
Pitches the nose
What does the Trim tab do
adjusts the neutral position of the Elevator
What is a substitute for a trim tab
Antiservo Tab
What supports the plane while parked, taxing, take off and landing
Landing Gear
What is the most common sort of Landing Gear
Wheels
What type of Landing Gears are there
Wheels, Floats, Ski’s
If the 3rd Wheel is located at the back of a plane what is it called
Tail Wheel Gear
If the 3rd wheel is located on the nose what is it called
Nose wheel - a Tricycle Gear
What are the Major components of a Powerplant
Engine, Propeller, Cowling
What is the major function of the Engine
To provide the power to turn the Propeller
Other than turn the propeller what does the Engine provide
Electrical Power
Vacuum Source flight instuments
Heat for Pilot
What does the Cowling provide
Makes the Engine more Streamlined
What is a Propeller
A rotating Airfoil that produces thrust through Aerodynamic action
How does the Pressure work on a Propeller
Low pressure at the Back and High Pressure at the Front of the Blade
What major Composites are planes made from
Carbon Fiber or Fiberglass
What is the advantage and Disadvantages of Fiberglass
Strength, Impact resistant and Readily available but its Heavy
What is the advantages of Carbon Fiber over Fiberglass
its Stronger and Lighter but poor in impact resistance
What is a Boeing made of
Carbon Fiber (or Aliminium) (requires further study)
What is Carbon Fiber and Fiberglass
a Composite
What did Old Panels rely on
Analog Gauges
What do New Panels rely on
LCD Displays
Why is Atmospheric Pressure important for Pilots
Basic Factor of weather
creates lift
actuates instruments
What Instruments are affected by Atmospheric pressure
Altimeter, Airspeed indicator, Vertical Speed indicator, Pressure Gauge
What is the average Air Pressure at Sea level (Standard Pressure) in psi
14.7 psi
What is the average Air Pressure at Sea level (Standard Pressure) in Inches of Mercury
29.92 inches of Mercury
What is the average Air Pressure at Sea level (Standard Pressure) in Millibars
1013 Millibars
What is the standard Temperature in Farenheight
59 Degrees (oF)
What is the standard Temperature in Celcius
15 Degrees (oC)
What is the Standard Pressure Lapse Rate
Decrease of Pressure of 1 inch of Mercury per 1,000 feet up to 10,000 feet
What is the Standard Temperature Lapse Rate
2 (oC) per 1,000 feet up to 36,000 feet
What is Standard Atmosphere used for
to calibrate flight instruments
When the pressure changes to a non standard pressure, what must be done
correcting to read the Airport Elevation How
How do you calculate Pressure altitude
By Setting the altimeter to 29.92
What is Density Altitude
Pressure Altitude corrected for non-standard temperature
What Factors effect Altitude Density
Pressure, Temperature, Humidity
High Pressure = ____ Density
High Density
Low Pressure =____ Density
Low Density
High Temperature = ____Density
Low Density
Cold temperature = ____ Density
High Density
High Humidity =_____Density
Low Density
Low Humidity =_____High Density
High Density
What is the Chord line
is a straight line joining the leading and trailing edges of an aerofoil
What is the Camber line
the curve that is halfway between the upper and lower surfaces of the aerofoil.
The greater the camber____________
The more curved the wing is
How is the Angle of Attack defined
the angle between the Chord line l and the relative airflow.
What are wingtip Vortices
rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift
Describe how a wingtip Vortex work
High-pressure air from the bottom of the wing escapes around the wingtip, moving up towards the lower pressure area on the top of the wing
What are used to stop WIngtip Vorteces
Winglets
What do Winglets provide
act as a Dam preventing Vortices from forming
What is the consequence of wingtip Vortices
Induced Drag
What Scientific principle drives a Jet engine
Newtons 3rd Law
What does a high velocity force produce in relation to Newtons 3rd Law
Reaction force
What creates a High velocity Jet
By heating the incoming air to a high temperature
What is used in a Jet engine to heat up the air
Combustion Chamber
What is required for effective combustion
Air to be at High Pressure and Temperature
how is Combustion achieved
a set of compressors stages are used
What do the compressors do
Rotating blades increase energy, temperature and pressure
What does the Combustion Chamber do
the air is mixed with fuel and then ignited
What does the Turbine do
The gases produced in the combustion chamber move through the turbine and spin its blades to move the shaft connecting the compressor
WHat Temperature can be reached in the Jet Engine
2700°.
