Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Principles of Evolution > Flashcards

Principles of Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evolution

A

A change in heritable properties of a population over generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Homology

A

Similarity in structure due to come on ancestry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Homoplasy

A

Similarity in structure due to independent evolution of structure in different organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Phylogeny

A

Evolutionary history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Taxonomy

A

A Branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

G.Cuvier

A

1812
Didn’t accept evolution
Field of paleontology- provided evidence that life changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

James Hutton

A

1795
Geologist - recognized the power of gradual processes overtime
“Earth must be old”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

Observable natural processes responsible for past events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T.R Malthus

A

1789
Published an essay about the principles of population
“Human population grows faster than food and other resources can be produced…resulting in poverty”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Jean baptiste lemarck

A

1809
Life is driven from simple to complex
Many independently evolving lines of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two principles explaining patterns in nature

A

Use &disuse

Inheritance of acquired changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain the principle of Use & disuse

A

Organisms can modify their phenotype to allow them to use the environment better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phenotypic plasticity

A

Change in phenotypic properties in an organism that are based on environmental factors. Not heritable factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the problem with Lamarck’s theory ?

A

He thought phenotypically plastic traits were heritable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Darwin’s intellectual contribution was…

A

Evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Artificial and natural selection are similar because …

A

They both involve selective breeding

17
Q

What is the scientific name of humans? In the the correct form

A

Homo sapiens (italicized)

18
Q

Who developed the concept of natural selection at the same time as Darwin ?

A

Wallace (1858)

19
Q

The origin of species was published in…

A

1859

20
Q

Natural selection

A

A process through which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those inherited traits

21
Q

A selective pressure that is biased towards certain individuals resulting in a change in frequency of the individuals, reproduction of those individuals result in a genetic change of the population in future generations.

A

Natural selection

22
Q

Artificial selection

A

Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the reoccurrence of desirable traits to better suit our needs

23
Q

Directional selection

A

Moving distribution in a particular direction

24
Q

Disruptive selection

A

Leading to the evolution of two populations for one.

25
Q

Stabilizing selection

A

Both ends of curve are being selectively eliminated ,resulting in a taller peak of average individuals

26
Q

Fitness

A

The genetic contribution of an individual to the next generation

27
Q

To contribute genes to the next generation you need…

A

Survival & reproduction

28
Q

Adaptation

A

Inherited characteristics of an organism that enhances survival and reproduction in a specific environment.

29
Q

Adaptive evolution

A

The evolution that results in a better match between organisms and their environment

30
Q

Mutations

A

Change in the nucleotide sequence of an organisms dna or rna
Arises at random

31
Q

The evidence for evolution include…

A

Morphological & molecular homologies based on basic properties of organisms phenotypes
Fossils records
Biogeography
Direct observations (contemporary evolution)

32
Q

Zoonosis

A

Transmission of diseases from animals to humans & vice versa

Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions