Principles Of Epidemiology In Public Health

Question 1

Components of Epidemiology

Answer 1

Population, Distribution, Factors

Question 2

Scopes of Epidemiology

Answer 2

Epidemic/Endemic Occurrences, communicable/non-communicable diseases, study of health services, research in health and other related fields

Question 3

Related Disciplines of Epidemiology

Answer 3

Microbiology, Parasitology, Entomology, Chemistry, Physics, nutrition, industrial medicine, demography, anthropology, sociology, genetics, psychology, meteorology, biostatistics

Question 4

The proportion of persons exhibiting both events is either significantly higher or lower than the proportion predicted on the basis of simultaneous consideration of the separate frequencies of the 2 categories.

Answer 4

Statistical association

Question 5

Change in one party to the association alters the other.

Answer 5

Causal association

Question 6

Criteria in determining disease causation

Answer 6

Temporal relationship, plausibility, consistency, strength, dose-relationship response, revesibility

Question 7

The state the host at any given time is a result of the interactions of genetic endowment with environment.

Answer 7

Host factors (intrinsic)

Question 8

Influence exposure and sometimes indirectly affect susceptibility as well

Answer 8

Environmental Factors (Extrinsic)

Question 9

Population nor the environment of different times and places are not identical

Answer 9

Epidemiologic variables

Question 10

Refers to the characteristics of the individual exposed and who contracted infection or the disease in question.

Answer 10

Person

Question 11

The most important single factor related to disease occurrence

Answer 11

Age

Question 12

More common among children of elderly mothers

Answer 12

Mongolism

Question 13

Pertains to features or conditions which existed in or describe the environment in which disease occur

Answer 13

Place

Question 14

Refers to the period during which the individual cases of the disease under the study were exposed to the source and the period during which the illness occur.

Answer 14

Time

Question 15

Importance of Studying causes of disease or health-related conditions:

Answer 15

Prevention, Diagnosis, application of correct treatments

Question 16

Definition of Cause of Disease

Answer 16

An event, condition and a characteristic or a combination of these factors plays an essential role in producing the occurrence of a disease

Question 17

Host Factors

Answer 17

Genetically determined, result of past environmental exposures, personality, social class membership

Question 18

Environmental factors (Extrinsic)

Answer 18

Biological, Physical, Social

Question 19

Descriptive Epidemiology

Answer 19

The methods and techniques of Epidemiology are designed to detect the causal association between the disease and the characteristics of a person who has it or a factor of the environment

Question 20

Advantages in studying epidemiologic variables:

Answer 20

Determine the individual and population at great risk of acquiring the disease and give us clues as to the etiology of disease

Organize data processing to the variables of people, place and time

Question 21

Diseases that are more common in females:

Answer 21

Thyroid diseases, diabetics mellitus, cholecystitis, obesity, arthritis, and psychoneurosis

Question 22

Diseases common to males:

Answer 22

Peptic ulcers, inguinal hernia, accidents, arteriosclerotic heart disease

Question 23

Person

Answer 23

Age,Sex, Ethnic, Religion, Family Size, Marital Status, Occupation, Nutritional Status and Constitution

Question 24

Time

Answer 24

Refers to the period during which the individual cases of the disease under study were exposed to the source and the period during which the illness occurs.

Question 25

Epidemic Period

Answer 25

The period during which the reported number of cases exceeds expected or usual number for that period

Question 26

For many diseases, the incidence is not uniform during each of the 12 consecutive months

Answer 26

Year

Question 27

Period of Consecutive Year

Answer 27

this is mainly used to predict probable future incidence in planning appropriate preventive and control program

Question 28

Demography

Answer 28

Empirical, statistical, and mathematical study of human population; study of population

Question 29

3 Human Events

Answer 29

Population size, composition and structure and distribution

Question 30

3 Major Dynamics Processes

Answer 30

Natality, Mortality, and Migration

Question 31

Population Composition

Answer 31

Refers to all measurable characteristics of the people who comprise the given population

Question 32

5 common characteristics of population composition

Answer 32

Age, Sex, marital status, occupation and education

Question 33

Sources of Demographic Data

Answer 33

Censuses, sample surveys, vital registration systems, continuing population registers, school rosters, voter registration, income tax returns and social security systems

Question 34

The total process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specified time or times, to all persons in a country or delimited territory

Answer 34

Census

Question 35

Minimum list of population characteristics

Answer 35

Age, sex, marital status, number of children ever born, race or ethnic origin, educational attainment, place of birth and occupation

Question 36

Sources of Data

Answer 36

Primary Data (first hand interview)
Secondary Data (recorded documents or registry)

Question 37

Methods of Data Collection

Answer 37

Review of documented sources, making observations and asking questions

Question 38

Factors affecting the choice of data collection method

Answer 38

Objectives of the study, level of quality and quantity of the data that is desired, time, money, manpower availability