Principles of Enzyme Catalysis & Kinetics Flashcards
What is Anfinsen’s Law?
“Thermodynamic Hypothesis”
The native structure of a small globular protein is determined only by the protein’s amino acid sequence.
What are the components of a general amino acid structure?
Alpha carbon, Hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group, side chain
What is pKa in chemistry?
(pKa = -log10Ka)
Measures the strength of an acid. Lower value = Stronger acid
What is Ka in chemistry?
Dissociation constant
What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation for?
Finds the pH of an acid or base from it’s conjugate base/acid
What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation?
Weak acid –> pH = pKa + log (conjugate base/weak acid)
Weak base –> pH = pKa + log (conjugate acid/weak base)
What is the Michaelis Menten equation?
Vo = (Vmax[S])/(Km + [S])
Vo –> Initial velocity
[S] –> Substrate concentration
Vmax –> Maximum velocity
Km –> Substrate concentration at half Vmax
What dos the Michaelis Menten equation do?
Measures the affinity of an enzyme to bind to it’s substrate, aka: How fast a chemical reaction will occur
What are the general properties of enzymes?
- Substrate specificity
- Not destroyed in reaction
- pH and temp sensitive
- Decrease reaction energy needed
- Speed up reactions
- Mutations can result in disease or death
What are the different types of enzymes?
- Oxidoreductases –> H/O gained or lost
- Transferases –> Transfer of functional groups
- Hydrolases –> Break apart by addition of water
- Lyases –> Break apart without water
- Isomerases –> Rearrangement of atoms in a molecule
- Ligases –> Join two molecules
How do enzymes work?
Substrates bind to the active sites of enzymes and are converted into products before being released. They lower the energy needed to begin a chemical reaction, thereby triggering it to occur
What are the types of interactions that happen when a substrate binds to an enzyme’s active site?
- Hydrogen bonds
- Van der Waal bonds
- Hydrophobic effect
- Salt links
What is a cofactor?
Substance that binds to enzyme to activate enzyme, Increases the rate of reaction. Removes electrons/chemical groups from the substrate.
(Metal ions –> Mg2+, K+, Zn2+)
What is a coenzyme?
Organic molecule loosely bound to an enzyme that is required to carry out chemical reaction by acting as a electron carrier. Carries chemical groups between enzymes. Removes electrons from substrate and transfer them to other molecules.
(Vitamins, Biotin, Co-A, NAD+, FAD+)
What is a prosthetic group?
Tightly bound group of cofactors that bind to multiple types of enzymes
(Metal ions and organic molecules)
