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Embryology > Principles of Embryology > Flashcards

Principles of Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first 3 weeks of life called

A

Conceptus

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2
Q

What is week 4-8 called

A

Embryo

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3
Q

What is week 9-birth called

A

Foetus

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4
Q

What occurs in gametogenesis?

A

Germ cell formation
Oogenesis to form the oocyte
Spermatogenesis to form the spermatozoa

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5
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

The fusion of the sperm and oocyte nucleus to form the zygote.

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6
Q

What is the name of the cell membrane of an oocyte?

A

Zone pellucida

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7
Q

What occurs during cleavage?

A

Period of rapid cell division but no size increase as the cells are contained within the zona pellucida

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8
Q

What name are the cells given at week 16+

A

Morula

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9
Q

What does the cell progress into after a morula?

A

Blastocyst

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10
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

Formation of germ layers

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11
Q

What are the three germ layers?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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12
Q

What is embryonic folding?

A

Formation of gut tube inside the skin/body wall

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13
Q

When does embryonic folding occur??

A

At about 4 weeks

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14
Q

What is organogenesis?

A

The formation of organs and organ systems

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15
Q

What are the main purposes of the foetal period?

A 
To grow and gain weight 
Allow tissue maturation to occur allowing them to become functional
Develop sexual differentiation
Lay down bones 
Create connections in CNS
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16
Q

What are the anatomical planes in a foetus?

A

Superior becomes cranial
Inferior becomes caudal
Anterior becomes ventral
Posterior becomes dorsal

17
Q

What are the primary processes in zygote development?

A

Cell division = increase cell numbers
Differentiation = specilaisation
Cell attachment = physical/functional linkages and formation of tissues
Apoptosis = programmed cell death
Induction = One cell causes another to differentiate
Cell migration = movement from one location to another

18
Q

What are the secondary processes in zygote development?

A

Axis formation/polarity = cells learn which way is up and their position in relation to each other
Folding/rotation = entire embryo/structures give the embryo its 3D form. Allows the completion of complex organ structures

19
Q

How is development controlled?

A

By:

Genetic, epigenetic (preferential expression of either maternal or paternal copy of gene) and environmental factors

Embryology (2 decks)

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