Principles of Disease & Epidemiology (Microbiology) Flashcards
Pathology
the study of disease
Etiology
the study of the cause of a disease
Pathogenesis
the development of disease
Infection
colonization of the body by pathogens
Disease
an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning well
Transient microbiota
may be present for days, weeks or months & then disappear
Normal microbiota
permanently colonize the host
Symbiosis
the relationship between normal microbiota and the host; one organism depends on the other
Commensalism
one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
Mutualism
both organisms benefit
Parasitism
one organism benefits at the expense of the other
Opportunistic pathogens
do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person but may do so in a different environment
Normally sterile areas of the body
Inner ear
Lower respiratory tract
Microbial antagonism
competition between microbes
Normal microbiota protects the host by…
Occupying niches that pathogens might occupy
Producing acids
Producing bacteriocins
Bacteriocins
proteins that inhibit the growth of other bacteria of the same or closely related species
Probiotics
live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
Symptom
a change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease (subjective/not observed)
Sign
a change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease (objective)
Syndrome
A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
Communicable disease
a disease that is spread from one host to another (directly or indirectly)
Contagious disease
a disease that is easily spread from one host to another
Noncommunicable disease
a disease that is not transmitted from one host to another
Epidemiology
the study of when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted in populations
