Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Question 1

attachment to and replication in/on host

Answer 1

colonization

Question 2

colonization of the body leading to damage

Answer 2

infection

Question 3

any deviation from health

Answer 3

disease

Question 4

a situation in which 2 populations of organisms interact in a close and sustained association

Answer 4

symbiosis

Question 5

2 populations live together and accomplish what neither could alone

Answer 5

synergism

Question 6

benefits both organisms

Answer 6

mutualism

Question 7

one population benefits, the other neither benefits nor is harmed

Answer 7

commensalism

Question 8

the relationship is beneficial to one organism, harmful to the other

Answer 8

parasitism

Question 9

microorganisms that colonize without causing disease

Answer 9

normal microbiota

Question 10

the ability to enter host tissues and cause disease

Answer 10

pathogenicity

Question 11

the degree of pathogenicity of a parasite

Answer 11

virulence

Question 12

microorganisms that colonize the host but may or may not cause disease depending on other factors

Answer 12

opportunistic

Question 13

site at which parasite enters host

Answer 13

portal of entry

Question 14

the number of organisms that must be taken into the body to establish disease

Answer 14

dose

Question 15

factors that allow the colonization of a host

Answer 15

adhesins

Question 16

factors that allow penetration of and spread within tissues or cells

Answer 16

invasins

Question 17

factors that allow microbes to evade defenses

Answer 17

evasins

Question 18

time from parasite entry to appearance of symptoms

Answer 18

incubation period

Question 19

period of general symptoms

Answer 19

prodromal period

Question 20

acute stage where specific symptoms appear

Answer 20

period of acme

Question 21

period of gradual decrease in symptoms

Answer 21

period of decline

Question 22

time where body’s systems return to normal

Answer 22

period of convalescence

Question 23

disease where symptoms are apparent

Answer 23

clinical disease

Question 24

disease where there are few obvious symptoms

Answer 24

subclinical disease

Question 25

disease that develops rapidly, accompanied by severe symptoms, climaxes, and fades quickly

Answer 25

acute disease

Question 26

lingering disease, slow development of symptoms, rarely reach a climax, convalescence may last months

Answer 26

chronic disease

Question 27

disease that occurs in otherwise healthy individual

Answer 27

primary disease

Question 28

disease that develops in weakened individual

Answer 28

secondary disease

Question 29

disease that is restricted to a single area of the body

Answer 29

local disease

Question 30

diseases that disseminate to deeper organs and systems

Answer 30

systemic disease

Question 31

microbial products that are toxic and damage host cells

Answer 31

toxins

Question 32

toxin that is made my the bacteria and releases/secreted into its environment

Answer 32

exotoxins

Question 33

toxin that is embedded into the bacteria

Answer 33

endotoxin

Question 34

the study of the various factors influencing the occurrence, distribution, prevention and control of disease, injury and other health-related events in a defined human population

Answer 34

epidemiology

Question 35

primary habitat in the natural world from which a pathogen originates

Answer 35

reservoir

Question 36

transmission spread within a population

Answer 36

horizontal transmission

Question 37

transmission from mother to child

Answer 37

vertical transmission

Question 38

type of horizontal transmission that requires close or personal contact with an infected individual

Answer 38

direct transmission

Question 39

type of horizontal transmission through vehicles, aerosols, fomites, or vectors

Answer 39

indirect transmission