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Microbiology > Principles of Disease and Epidemiology > Flashcards

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS A PATHOGEN

A

A DISEASE CAUSING MICROBE

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2
Q

DEFINE PATHOLOGY

A

THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF A DISEASE

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3
Q

Define Pathogenesis

A

The manner in which the disease develops

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4
Q

Define Etiology

A

The study of the cause of a disease

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5
Q

Epidemology

A

The study of transmission, incidence and frequency of disease

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6
Q

Define Infection

A

The growth of microbes in the body

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7
Q

Define Disease

A

An abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is incapable of performing normal functions.

“Any change from a state of health”

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8
Q

Define Normal microbiota

A
  • microbes that establish more or less permanent residense and do not produce disease under normal condition
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9
Q

What is transient microbiota?

A

Microbes which may be present for several days, weeks, or months, and then disappear.

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10
Q

What is Microbial Antagonism?

A

The competition between microbes

Ex. Nomal microbiota and harmful microorganisms

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11
Q

What is Symbiosis

A

Relationship between two organisms, where at least one organism is dependent on the other.

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12
Q

Define Mutualism

A

A type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit.

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13
Q

Define Commensalism

A

A symbiotic relationship, where one organism benefits and the other is unharmed.

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14
Q

Define Parasitism

A

A type of Symbiotic relationship where one organism derives nutrients at the expense of the other.

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15
Q

What are Koch’s Postulate steps?

A
  1. Microorganism Isolated from diseased or dead animal
  2. Grow microbes in pure culture and identify.
  3. Inject microbes into healthy organism
  4. Identify pathogen
  5. Isolate and Identify pathogenic microbes from diseased animals and grow pure culture.
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16
Q

What are the requirements for Koch’s Postulates.

A
  • The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
  • The pathogen must be isolated in pure culture
  • The isolated pathogen from the pure culture must cause the same disease in a healthy suceptible laboratory animal.
  • The pathogen must be re-isolated from the inoculated laboratory animal.
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17
Q

Define Symptoms

A
  • Subjective
  • Changes in body function
  • May vary from person to person.
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18
Q

Types of Resevoirs

A
  • Diseased individuals
  • Carriers
  • Zoonoses
  • Soil, Water, Food.
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19
Q

Define Signs

A

Mesurable indications of disease.

ex. fever, lesions, swelling, blood pressuer. etc

20
Q

Communicable Disease

A

can be passed from person to person

directly or indirectly

21
Q

Contagious disease

A

can be easily spread from person to person.

22
Q

Noncommunicable disease

A

cannot be spread from person to person.

ex. food poisoning and tetanus

23
Q

Incidence

A

the number of people that have a disease in general

24
Q

Prevalance

A

of people that acquire the disease over defined period of time.

25
Q

zoones

A

disease that can be passed to humans by animals

26
Q

Sporadic

A

a disease the Ocassionally occurs within a population

27
Q

Endemic

A

a disease that is CONSTANTLY present within a population

28
Q

Epidemic

A

aquired in a SHORT period of time within a populated area.

ex. head lice at school

29
Q

Pandemic

A

An epidemic that occurs worldwide

30
Q

Acute duration

A

develops rapidly but last a short time

31
Q

Chronic duration

A

develops more slowly and body reaction may be less severe but lasts longer

32
Q

Subacture severity

A

between acute and chronic severity

33
Q

Latent severity

A

causitive agents remain inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms

34
Q

Local infection

A

defined spot or location

35
Q

Systematic infection

A

multiple area infection

36
Q

Primary infection

A

1st aquired disease

37
Q

Secondary infection

A

2nd infection from comprimised immune system

38
Q

Inapparent infection

A

no symptoms or detection.

like a yeast infection at times.

39
Q

Development of a disease

A
  1. Incubation period
    • ​​microbes growing and replicating
  2. Prodromal period
    • ​​feeling sick
  3. Period of illness
    • ​​actual sickness
  4. Period of decline​
    • ​​Getting better
  5. Period of convalescence
    • ​​recovery
40
Q

Direct contact

A

person to person

ex. sex, kissing, handshaking

41
Q

indirect contact

A

through fomites

Fomite: inanimate object

“money”

42
Q

Droplet transmission

A

sneezing,

less than 1 m

43
Q

vehicle transmission

A

water, food, air

tools that move microbes from point A to point B

44
Q

Airborne transmission

A

over long distance

greater than 1 M

45
Q

Vector transmision

A

arthropods

Biological: mosquito bite

Mechanical: Fly

46
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

infection from hospital stay

47
Q

Who and how are nosocomial infection transmitted?

A

compromised patients

mircrobes, direct contact, indirect contact, airbone

Microbiology (5 decks)

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