Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Malignant > principles of chemotherapy > Flashcards

principles of chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

what is cancer

A

uncontrolled division of abnormal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tx of cancer

A

cytotoxic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why are cytotoxic used

A

curative/ prolong life/ palliate symptom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 2 ways CT drugs use

A

1) neoadjuvant (in radiotherapy /surgery)- shrinks primary tumour allow txment to allow local therapy to be less destructive, inc effectiveness
2) adjuvant (before radiotherapy/ surgery) - in initial chemo where high risk of subclinical metastatic disease that can go unnoticed - maximises therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are a combination of CT drugs good for chemo

A

yes they reduce drug resistance but more risk than single drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how to handle CT drugs

A
  • avoid in pregnant staff
  • trained and esignated area to dispense and handle
  • monitor exposure
  • protective gear
  • spills and waste management protocol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CT safe systems

A
  • tx plan
  • dispense as administered for injection
    dispense clear instructions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MHRA - rules on ct

A

RISK Incorrect CT drug doses
- non specialist who prescribe and administer - access to written protocols/ tx plan
- dispensing confirm dose and dont repeat prescriptions, patient must have written info so dispense and pharmacist can access hospital cancer pharmacist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common S/e of CT

A

1) extravastion, nausea and vomiting, tumour lysis syndrome, oral mucositis ,pregnancy and infertility, urotheilial toxicity , hyperuricaemia , VTE, bone marrow suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

alopecia s/e

A

common hair loss (reversible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CT and preg and fretility

A

most ct drugs teratogenic, exclude pregnancy (-ve test and contraception) ,
can target rapidly dividing sperm nd egg cells women least effected but can cause early menopause
men counsel on sperm storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

drug cause of teratogenicity

A

alkylating drugs and procarbazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what causes bone marrow suppression

A

every CT but (vincristine or bleomycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who to avoid ct in bone marrow suppression

A

avoid in infection or where live vaccine due to blood dyscrasia (insert symptoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tx of neutropenia and infection in bone marrow suppression

A

filgrastim and high spec antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tx of symptomatic iron def anaemia with bone marrow suppression

A

rbc transfuision and eryropoitin

17
Q

oral mucositis s/e , drug causes and counselling

A

due to rapidly dividing cell target i.e mucus cells mouth and gut
counsel to use saline mouth wash ,soft toothbrush 2-3x a day, suck ice

18
Q

drug causes of oral mucositis

A

anthryacycline (doxorubicin)
and antimetabolite (MTX

19
Q

tx of Mtx induced mucositis

A

folinic acid

20
Q

n/v

A

diff drug class of cytotoxic has diff emetogenic spectrum

21
Q

mild emetogenics M V F E

A

MTX, vinca alkaloid, fluorouracil
, etoposide

22
Q

moderate emetogenic

A

high dose MTX , taxanes, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide

23
Q

high emetogenic (cdc)

A

cisplatin, high dose cyclophosphonamide, dacarbazine

24
Q

tx of anticipatory (before tx) n and v + s/e

A

lorazepam (sedation, anxiolytic, amnesia)

25
Q

tx acute n/v 24 hrs before chemo
low risk? high risk?

A

low risk `; dexamethasone or lorazepam
high risk ; dexametasone+ apreprepitant+ 5ht3 antagonist (ondansetron)

26
Q

delayed > 24hrs before tx

A

moderate emetogenic: dexametasone+ 5ht3 antag
high emetogenic; dexametasone+ aprepitant or rolepitant +metoclopramide

27
Q

which type of n/v tx easier to control

A

acute <24hrs

28
Q

extravastion what is it

A

ct leaks from iv and locally irritates skin is corrosive (local severe tissue necrosis)

29
Q

drugs causes of extravastion

A

anthracycline and vinca alkaloid

30
Q

VTE? and drug causes

A

cancer and ct drugs are risk
counsel on detection - sudden breathless, chest pain, swelling calf of one leg

tamoxifen (breast cancer- also causes endometrial cancer)
thalidomide/ lindomaide

31
Q

urothelial toxicity s/e and drug causes

A

urothelial cells inflamed
causes mesna; haemorrhage cystitis
notice haemturia

drug cause; cyclophosphamide and ifosfomide

32
Q

tumour lysis

A

rapid destruction of cancer cell common leukaemia or lymphoma
inc k+, urea, calcium phosphate
follow Rf and arrhythmia

33
Q

hyperuricaemia

A

high uric cancer - common in leukaemia and lymphoma increase gout
worsens with chemo

34
Q

prophylaxis chemo
24 hr before
48 hr before
haemotological cancer

A

24hr before= allopurinol
48 hr before= febuxostat
haematological = rasburicase

Malignant (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions