Principles Of Chemistry - States Of Matter

Question 1

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

Explain the energy and arrangement of a gas

Answer 2

Most energy, particles most spread apart with a random arrangement

Question 3

Explain the energy and arrangement of a liquid

Answer 3

Particles have more energy than a solid but less than a gas, particles close together in a random arrangement.

Question 4

Explain the energy and arrangement of a solid

Answer 4

Least energy in particles, particles don’t move/ only vibrate and are arranged regularly and close together

Question 5

Solid to liquid?

Answer 5

Melting

Question 6

Liquid to solid?

Answer 6

Freezing

Question 7

Liquid to gas?

Answer 7

Boiling

Question 8

Gas to liquid?

Answer 8

Condensing

Question 9

What happens when something changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas?

Answer 9

Particles gain more kinetic energy, move around more and become more randomly arranged/ further apart

Question 10

What happens when something changes from a gas to a liquid to a solid?

Answer 10

Particles lose kinetic energy, move less and become more regularly arranged/ closer together

Question 11

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 11

Movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration.

Question 12

How can the results of experiments involving the dilution of coloured solutions and diffusion of gases be explained?

Answer 12

For diffusion to work, particles must be able to move.
- doesn’t occur in solids - particles cannot move from place to place, only vibrate

Coloured solutions are diluted by adding water, because the particles of the colour diffuse to the air of low concentration, mixing with the water molecules, causing dilution to occur

Question 13

What is a solvent?

Answer 13

Liquid in which a solute dissolves

Question 14

What is a solute?

Answer 14

Substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution

Question 15

What is a solution?

Answer 15

Mixture formed when a solute has dissolved in a solvent

Question 16

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 16

Solution in which no more solute can be dissolved

Question 17

What is solubility and what is it shown as?

Answer 17

Solubility is shown as the grams of a solute that will dissolve in 100g of water

Question 18

How do you plot and interpret solubility curves?

Answer 18

Generally;

• solubility of a solid increases as the temperature increases
• solubility of gases increases as the pressure increases
• any mass below the line for a solute at a specific temperature would mean that the solution was unsaturated
• any mass above the line for a solute at a specific temperature would mean that the solution was supersaturated and unstable