principles of chemistry - states of matter

Question 1

what are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

explain the movement and arrangement of a solid

Answer 2

molecules packed together, vibrating, orderly fashion

Question 3

explain the movement and arrangement of a liquid

Answer 3

molecules free, moving around, all still touching

Question 4

explain the movement and arrangement of a gas

Answer 4

bouncing off each other, lots of kinetic energy, none touching, move a lot

Question 5

what process is a liquid to solid?

Answer 5

freezing

Question 6

what process is a solid to liquid?

Answer 6

melting

Question 7

what process is a liquid to gas?

Answer 7

evaporation

Question 8

what process is a gas to liquid?

Answer 8

condensation

Question 9

what process is a gas to solid?

Answer 9

deposition

Question 10

what process is a solid to gas?

Answer 10

sublimation

Question 11

what is a solvent?

Answer 11

the liquid that a solute is dissolved in

Question 12

what is a solute?

Answer 12

something that is dissolved in a solvent

Question 13

what is a solution?

Answer 13

the mixture of a solvent and solute

Question 14

what is a saturated solution?

Answer 14

a solution that contains the maximum of solute that can be dissolved at the current condition it’s kept at

Question 15

experiment for dilution of coloured solutions

Answer 15

• dissolve potassium manganate in water
• this shows that diffusion in liquids is very slow because there are only small gaps between the liquid particles into which other particles diffuse
• random motion of water particles cause the purple colour to spread through the water evenly.
• if more water is added, the purple becomes less prominent. this is what dilution is.

Question 16

experiment for diffusion

Answer 16

• 1 cotton wool pad soaked in ammonia solution and 1 cotton wool pad soaked in hydrogen chloride solution
• the pads are put on opposite sides of a glass tube.
• a white ring of ammonium chloride forms closer to the hydrochloric acid end because ammonia particles are lighter than hydrogen chloride particles and therefore travel faster.