Principles of Cellular Function (Week 1) Flashcards
What percentage of the body is made up of water?
60%
What percentage of water is ICF?
2/3
What percentage of water is ECF?
1/3
What proportion of ECF is plasma?
1/4
What proportion of ECF is interstitial fluid?
3/4
Define a mole?
Molecular weight of substance in grams
Define osmosis
Diffusion of molecules from a region of different concentration to another
What is the value (in mV) of resting membrane potential?
-70mV
Explain ATPase mechanism
Moves three Na out of cell and two K into the cell maintaining resting membrane protenial using energy of ATP
What process is used to form ATP and where does it occur?
Oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial membrane
Where does protein synthesis / translation occur?
Ribosomes
What is the difference between 1st messengers and second messengers?
1st messengers are extracellular - 2nd messengers are inside cells and bring about change by altering internal cell function
Calmodulin is a ____ messenger
Secondary
Calmodulin is found in what type of muscle cell?
Smooth muscle
Calcium concentration is highest in extracellular or intracellular fluid?
Extracellular
Example of g-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) drug?
Antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine H1) ranitidine (H2)
What is the average half life of a neutrophil
6 hours
What is the average half life of a neutrophil
6 hours
Briefly describe the process of opsonization
Attachment of proteins (antibodies) to a bacteria to make them visible / tasty to phagocytosis
Free radicals
A Have two paired electrons in an outer orbitwrong
B Are produced by neutrophils and macrophages to destroy microbes
C Usually fail to react with adjacent proteins or lipids
D In excess, are called reductive stress
B
Name and describe the two types of immunity
Innate - primitive immune system Acquired - more complex and is slower to develop, lasts longer and more effective - very specific
Na,K ATPase How many sodium / potassium in/out
Three Na out, Two K in
