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Antimicrobial Therapy > Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy > Flashcards

Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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2
Q

Cephalosporins MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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3
Q

Carbapenems MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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4
Q

Monobactams MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibitings PBPs

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5
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases

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6
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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7
Q

Ketolides MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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8
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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9
Q

Vancomycin MOA

Dalbavacin MOA

A

Inhibits 2nd stage of cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors

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10
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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11
Q

Linezolid MOA

Tedizolid MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit near 30S interface

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12
Q

Daptomycin MOA

A

Causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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13
Q

Telavancin MOA

Oritavacin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors AND causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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14
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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15
Q

Glycylcyclines MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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16
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MOA

A

Sequential inhibition of microbial folic acid synthesis pathway by inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase

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17
Q

Polymyxins MOA

A

Binds to phospholipids in cell membrane causing displacement of Ca and Mg which leads to changes in cell wall permeability and leakage of cellular contents

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18
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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19
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Prodrug activated by ferrdoxins whose activated metabolites damage bacterial DNA

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20
Q

Penicillins MOR

A
  1. Beta lactamase production
  2. Altered PBPs
  3. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane
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21
Q

Cephalosporins MOR

A
  1. Beta lactamase production
  2. Altered PBPs
  3. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane
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22
Q

Carbapenems MOR

A
  1. Beta lactamase production
  2. Altered PBPs
  3. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane
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23
Q

Monobactams MOR

A
  1. Beta lactamase production

2. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane

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24
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOR

A
  1. Mutation in genes that code for DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV (change in binding site)
  2. Efflux
  3. Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane
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25
Q

Macrolides MOR

A
  1. Efflux

2. Change in ribosomal binding site

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26
Q

Ketolides MOR

A
  1. Change in ribosomal binding site
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27
Q

Aminoglycosides MOR

A
  1. Altered aminoglycoside uptake
  2. Synthesis of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes
  3. Alteration in ribosomal binding sites (strepto)
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28
Q

Vancomycin MOR

Dalbavancin MOR

A
  1. Modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine vancomycin binding site
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29
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin MOR

A
  1. Alteration in ribosomal binding site
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30
Q

Linezolid MOR

Tedizolid MOR

A
  1. Alteration in ribosomal binding site (rare)
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31
Q

Daptomycin MOR

A
  1. Altered cell membrane binding through loss of membrane protein
32
Q

Telavancin MOR

Oritavancin MOR

A
  1. Modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine site
33
Q

Tetracyclines MOR

A
  1. Tetracycline-specific efflux pumps
  2. Ribosomal protection proteins
  3. Enzymatic inactivation
34
Q

Glycylcyclines

A
  1. Multidrug efflux pump
35
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MOR

A
  1. Mutation in dihydrofolate reductase or dihydropteroate synthase
36
Q

Polymyxins MOR

A
  1. Alteration in outer cell membrane (reduction in calcium, magnesium, lipopolysaccharide content and/or outer membrane proteins)
37
Q

Clindamycin MOR

A
  1. Alteration in ribosomal binding site
38
Q

Metronidazole MOR

A
  1. Altered growth requirements

2. Reduced transcription of ferredoxin gene

39
Q

Pencillins cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

40
Q

Cephalosporins cidal or static

A

bactericidal

41
Q

Carbapenems cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

42
Q

Monobactams cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

43
Q

Fluoroquinolones cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

44
Q

Macrolides cidal or static?

A

bacteriostatic

45
Q

Ketolides cidal or static?

A

bacteriostatic

46
Q

Aminoglycosides cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

47
Q

Vancomycin cidal or static?

Dalbavancin cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

48
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin cidal or static?

A

bacteriostatic

49
Q

Linezolid cidal or static?

Tedizolid cidal or static?

A

bacteriostatic

50
Q

Daptomycin cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

51
Q

Telavancin cidal or static?

Oritavancin cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

52
Q

Tetracyclines cidal or static?

A

bacteriostatic

53
Q

Glycylcyclines cidal or static?

A

bacteriostatic

54
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

55
Q

Polymyxins cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

56
Q

Clindamycin cidal or static?

A

bacteriostatic

57
Q

Metronidazole cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

58
Q

Penicillins time or concentration dependent

A

Time

59
Q

Cephalosporins time or concentration dependent

A

Time

60
Q

Carbapenems time or concentration dependent

A

Time

61
Q

Monobactams time or concentration dependent

A

Time

62
Q

Fluoroquinolones time or concentration dependent

A

Concentration

63
Q

Macrolides time or concentration dependent

A

Time (azithromycin may be concentration dependent vs some organisms)

64
Q

Ketolides time or concentration dependent

A

Concentration

65
Q

Aminoglycosides time or concentration dependent

A

Concentration

66
Q

Vancomycin time or concentration dependent

Dalbavancin time or concentration dependent

A

Time

67
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin time or concentration dependent

A

Time

68
Q

Linezolid time or concentration dependent

Tedizolid time or concentration dependent

A

Time for Linezolid

Concentration for Tedizolid

69
Q

Daptomycin time or concentration dependent

A

Concentration

70
Q

Telavancin time or concentration dependent

Oritavancin time or concentration dependent

A

Concentration

71
Q

Tetracyclines time or concentration dependent

A

Time

72
Q

Glycylcyclines time or concentration dependent

A

Time

73
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole time or concentration dependent

A

Time

74
Q

Polymyxins time or concentration dependent

A

Concentration

75
Q

Clindamycin time or concentration dependent

A

Time

76
Q

Metronidazole time or concentration dependent

A

Concentration

Antimicrobial Therapy (1 decks)

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