Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

How does sulfonamide work?

A

competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase. PABA analog. bacteria cannot make folic acid. Bacteriostatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does trimethoprim work?

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. bacteria cannot make nucleic acids. Bactericidal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens when trimethoprim and sulfonamide as used together?

A

call bactrin and is a bactericidal effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do penicillins and cephalosporins do?

A

block the later steps in cell wall synthesis. Blocks transpeptidase rxn. Cells must be dividing for this to work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do PBPs do?

A

penicillin binding proteins cross-link peptidoglycan in the cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the result of the reaction between penicillin and tetracycline?

A

Tetracycline is bacteriostatic and penicillin is bactericidal. When used in combo, tetracycline stops the bacteria from growing, but penicillin needs bacteria to be growing to be efficient (disrupts cell wall synthesis) so it is an ineffective combo in treating meningitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a good combination when treating TB?

A

isoniazid and rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a good combo for mixed infections and prophylaxis? (endocarditis?)

A

penicillin and aminoglycosides. Penicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis and then any remaining bacteria are destroyed by aminoglycosides which can now enter the cells (are very polar). They prevent formation of initiation complex during translation (binds 30S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a good combo for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

A

trimethropim and sulfamethoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are aminoglycosides cidal or static?

A

bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which antibiotics cause liver damage?

A

tetracyclines and isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What antibiotic inhibits P450 enzymes?

A

chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What antibiotics cause nephrotoxicity?

A

sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and expired tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What antibiotics cause neurotoxicity?

A

Large doses of penicillin G, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines (in infants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What antibiotics cause blood and bone marrow toxicity?

A

Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin (in patients deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly