Principles of antibiotics use

Question 1

Cell wall synthesis antibiotics (8)

Answer 1

Cycloserine
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Fosftomycin
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Manobactams
Carbapenems

Question 2

Protein Synthesis antibiotics (3) 50S inhibitors

Answer 2

Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin

Question 3

Protein Synthesis antibiotics (5) 30S

Answer 3

Tetracycline
Spectinomycin
Streptomycin
Gentamicin, tobramycin
Amikacin

Question 4

Susceptible

Answer 4

Concentration of drug can be achieved AT THE SITE OF INFECTION that inhibits organism and is below level of toxicity for human cells.

Question 5

Resistant

Answer 5

Inhibitory or bactericidal concentration exceeds that which can be achieved safely

Question 6

Protein Synthesis inhibitors are…. and the exception is…

Answer 6

Bacteriostatic.

Exception: Aminoglycosides (bactericidal)

Question 7

Cell wall active agents are …

Answer 7

Bactericidal

Question 8

Rifampin and quinolone are

Answer 8

Bactericidal

Question 9

What is bacteriostatic?

Answer 9

Those are agents that inhibit the bacterial growth but does not kill the cells. KEEPS THE GRAPH STATIC

Question 10

What is bactericidal?

Answer 10

Those are agents that actually reduce the number of bacterial cells. DECLINES THE GRAPH

Question 11

MIC

Answer 11

Minimum inhibitory concentration. Minimum concentration of antibiotics needed to inhibit the bacterial growth.

Question 12

MBC

Answer 12

Minimum bactericidal concentration. Minimum concentration of antibiotics needed to kill the bacteria.

Question 13

If MIC is within the therapeutic range of drug, but MBC is not then the drug is…

Answer 13

Bacteriostatic

Question 14

If MBC is within the therapeutic range of drug then the drug is…

Answer 14

Bactericidal

Question 15

When is prophylaxis treatment used?

Answer 15

At the “No infection” point of the timeline. Before the infection has occurred.

Question 16

When is Empiric treatment used?

Answer 16

After symptoms have begun but no pathogen isolation has occurred. Example: Using broad-spectrum agent or combination therapy (if its life threatening)

Question 17

What should be done BEFORE starting empiric treatment?

Answer 17

Cultures of site of infection and blood should be taken.

Question 18

When is definitive treatment used?

Answer 18

Once the pathogen is isolated then definitive treatment can be used. Example: specific narrow-spectrum agent

Question 19

What are the benefits of combination therapy? (5)

Answer 19

1) empirical therapy of severe infection
2) treatment of polymicrobial infections
3) enhance antimicrobial activity for specific infection
4) prevent emergence of resistance
5) reduce toxicity to host

Question 20

Bacteriostatic antibiotics frequently ——— action of bactericidal ones. (example?)

Answer 20

Antagonize

Example: tetracyclines antagonize B-lactams

Question 21

Bactericidal antibiotics in combination tend to be ——— or ——–. (example?)

Answer 21

Additive or synergistic

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor plus aminoglycoside