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Pharmacology > Principles of Antibiotics > Flashcards

Principles of Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Gram positive

A

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus

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2
Q

Gram negative

A 
E. coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Serratia
Neiserria
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3
Q

Aerobic

A 
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
E. coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Pseudomonas
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4
Q

Anaerobic

A

Bacteroides
Clostridium
Peptostreptococcus
Fusobacterium

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5
Q

Atypical

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophilia
Chlamydophila pneumoniae

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6
Q

Acid-fast bacilli

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Nocardia

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7
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Gram positive, aerobic, community or hospital pathogen, common.

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8
Q

Streptococcus

A

Gram positive, aerobic, community pathogen, common.

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9
Q

Enterococcus

A

Gram positive, community or hospital pathogen, common.

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10
Q

E. coli

A

Gram negative, aerobic, community or hospital acquired, common.

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11
Q

Klebsiella

A

Gram negative, aerobic, community or hospital acquired, common.

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12
Q

Pseudomonas

A

Gram negative, aerobic, hospital pathogen, common.

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13
Q

Acinetobacter

A

Gram negative, hospital pathogen, common.

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14
Q

Enterobacter

A

Gram negative, aerobic, hospital pathogen, common.

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15
Q

Citrobacter

A

Gram negative, hospital acquired, common.

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16
Q

Bacteroides

A

Anaerobic, community acquired, common.

17
Q

Peptostreptococcus

A

Anaerobic, community acquired, common.

18
Q

Empiric therapy

A

Initial antibiotic regimen, no culture data yet. Educated guess.

19
Q

Definitive/target therapy

A

Targeted at specific pathogen, modified regimen. Goal to minimize resistance, toxicity, improve cost-effectiveness.

20
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Administration of drugs to prevent diseases.

21
Q

MIC

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration. The lowest concentration of an antibiotic in which the bacteria cannot grow.

22
Q

Breakpoints

A

Achievable antibiotic serum concentrations. The value to which the MIC is compared to determine SIR reporting (sensitive, intermediate, resistant)

23
Q

SIR reporting

A 
S= sensitive. Infection likely to respond. MIC < breakpoint.
I= intermediate. Response is indeterminate, may respond. MIC = breakpoint.
R= resistant. Therapy likely to fail. MIC > breakpoint.
24
Q

Antibiograms

A

Susceptibility “report card”, represents how often a drug has activity against the organism (in a %). Use for empiric therapy!

25
Q

Considerations with antibiograms

A
  1. Which agents have highest likelihood of being active?
  2. Which agent will penetrate the site of infection? (BBB)
  3. Are there patient risk factors that exclude the use of certain drugs? (Allergies, renal toxicity)

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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