Principles of Analytical Chemistry Flashcards
Analytical chemistry
is concerned with the chemical characterization of matter
it involves separating, identifying, and determining the relative amounts of the components.
Substance that is the object of the analysis is called
Analyte
The material in which the analyte is found is called
Matrix
one of the major areas in the discipline of analytical chemistry that deals with the identification of elements, ions or compounds present in a sample.
Qualitative Analysis
It is concerned with the determination of the amount of a particular substance present in the sample.
Quantitative Analysis
TRUE or FALSE
“Qualitative information is not needed before conducting a quantitative analysis”
FALSE
It determines the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it
Gravimetric Method
The basis of calculation for the gravimetric method:
MASS
Measurement of the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte is
Volumetric method
Volumetric basis of calculation:
volume
It employs instruments other than those used in gravimetric and volumetric methods of analysis;
Instrumental method
It involves the measurement of such electrical properties such as potential, current, resistance and quantity of electricity
Electroanalytical method
Three examples of electroanalytical methods:
- Potentiometry
- Voltammetry
- Coulometry
It is based upon the measurement of the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and the analyte atoms or molecules upon the production of such radiation by analytes:
Spectroscopic method
Five examples of Spectroscopic method
- UV-Vis Spectroscopy
- IR Spectroscopy
- Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
- Fluorescence Spectrophotometry
- NMR Spectroscopy
It involves separation of sample components based on differences in their migration rates.
Chromatographic method
three Chromatographic method examples;
- Thin Layer Chromatography
- Gas Chromatography
- High Performance Liquid Chromatography
the amount of each constituent of the sample is determined quantitatively (e.g. blood analysis involves determination of glucose, Na, K, etc. )
Complete or Exact Analysis
Amount of each element is determined (e.g. analysis of gasoline gives %C, %H, %O, %Pb, etc.)
Ultimate Analysis
the amount of a certain selected constituent in the sample is determined (e.g. partial analysis of aspirin tablets gives the amount of salicylic acid impurity)
Proximate or Partial Analysis
The mass of the sample is >100 mg.
The volume of the sample is >100 nanoliter
Macro Analysis
The mass of the sample is 10 - 100 mg.
The volume of the sample is 50 - 100 nanoliter
Semimicro analysis
The mass of the sample is 1 - 10 mg.
The volume of the sample is <50 nanoliter.
Micro Analysis
The mass of the sample is <1 mg
Ultramicro analysis
