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ANA > Principles of ANA > Flashcards

Principles of ANA Flashcards

1
Q

what types of open wounds do you get?

A

incised, laceration, puncture, abrasion

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2
Q

what are 2 types that wounds can be classed at?

A

open & closed

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3
Q

3 main pressure points?

A

brachial artery(upper forelimb) femoral artery (upper hindlimb) coccygeal artery (tail)

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4
Q

how to control haemorrhage?

A

direct digital placement, pressure points, torquiest, pressure bandage

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5
Q

what are the 2 types of haemorrhage?

A

external & internal

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6
Q

what is the first aid treatment for shock?

A

warm them up, elevate hindlimb, control haemorrhage reduce stress, monitor vital signs, get vet help

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7
Q

what are 4 clinical signs of shock?

A

pale mucus membrane, prolonged crt, rapid shallow breaths, cold limbs, dilated pupils, collapsed, dull

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8
Q

what are 3 different types of shock?

A

impending shock, establishes shock, irreversible shock

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9
Q

reasons why an animal might go in to shock?

A

blood loss, trauma injuries, pain, heart disease, infections

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10
Q

what is shock?

A

state of acute circulation collapse where the circulation is unable to transport sufficient oxygen to meet the tissues needs

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11
Q

what are your abc’s?

A

airways breathing circulation

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12
Q

how to access a patient’s circulation?

A

palpate the heart, check for pulse, check mucus membrane colour, if no pulse begin CPR

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13
Q

how to access patient breathing?

A

observe chest movement, palpate chest to feel for movement, check to see breath with object eg, mirror hair, if not breathing start artificial respiration

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14
Q

how to access patients airways?

A

clear airways, check for obstructions, extent neck & pull tongue forward, remove collar & harness

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15
Q

what can class as a minor injury?

A

minor burns, stings, diarrhoea, minor foreign bodies

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16
Q

what can class as a serious?

A

unconscious, spinal injury, injury to eye, wounds

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17
Q

what can class as life threatening?

A

cardiac arrest, airway obstruction, severe burns severe dehydration

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18
Q

what are the 3 triage groups?

A

minor, serious, life threatening

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19
Q

how to access the situation?

A

access the risks to you
access the casualty
contact vet
access injury

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20
Q

what are the 4 rules of first aid?

A

don’t panic, check vital signs eg breathing, continue to monitor vital signs, control haemorrhage, contact vet

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21
Q

what are the 3 first aid aims?

A

preserve life, prevent suffering, prevent situation from deteriorating

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22
Q

character of abrasion wound?

A

dragging or friction injury causing removal of skin, doesn’t cut through full of skins thickness

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23
Q

characteristics of a puncture wound?

A

deep and narrow, eg bite mark

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24
Q

characteristics of a laceration?

A

torn wound caused by blunt objects, irregular shape, little bleeding, high infection risk

25
Q

characteristics of an incised wound?

A

clean sliced by something sharp, clean edges

26
Q

first aid for electrocution?

A

remove electrical source without touching can use dry wooden spoon, check airways & heartbeat, if no heartbeat start cardiac arrest, check burns & treat, monitor and get to vet asap

27
Q

first aid for oil/ burn?

A

remove fat, use paper towel to remove excess, apply lukewarm water and detergent, continue to cool

28
Q

what is a scald?

A

destruction of tissues by moist heat eg boiling water

29
Q

what is a burn?

A

destruction of tissue by extreme localisation eg dry heat or extreme cold heat

30
Q

what are the 2 types of wounds you get?

A

contusion and haematoma

31
Q

how to take a dogs tempt?

A

wash hands and wear correct PPE, get someone to restrain, make sure thermometer is working, place lube on thermometer, slowly put in back end and twist, take tempt, record the tempt, disinfect, praise dog

32
Q

describe the term triage?

A

the order of seeing patients depending of how severe

33
Q

how many chest compressions & rescue breaths should you do?

A

120 compressions & 2 rescue breaths

34
Q

what side is the preferred side for CPR?

A

right lateral recumbency

35
Q

what can an ANA do in terms of first aid?

A

anything a lay person can do

36
Q

normal pulse for a dog?

A

70- 140 bpm

37
Q

normal pulse for a cat?

A

100-200 bpm

38
Q

temperature for a dog?

A

38.3 - 39.2

39
Q

temperature for a cat?

A

38.2 - 28.6

40
Q

first aid for hypothermia?

A

warm environment, if wet towel dry, insulate, plenty of blankets

41
Q

signs of hyperthermia?

A

lethargic, sleepy, weak movement, cold to touch, slow heart rate, coma, death

42
Q

first air treatment for hyperthermia?

A

remove from environment, stand in cold water, soak coat with cold skin, apply cold towels to neck, take tempt every 5 min, dry the animal, monitor vital signs

43
Q

signs of hyperthermia?

A

distress, excessive panting, restlessness, unsteady on feet, high body tempt

44
Q

what is poison?

A

a substance that enters body in sufficient amount that causes harmful effects

45
Q

what is a sprain?

A

stretch of ligament

46
Q

what is a strain?

A

overstitching of muscle of tendon

47
Q

what is the first aid for a fracture?

A

stop bleeding, clean & cover wound, stop from moving, apply splint if possible, lots of comfort, muzzle

48
Q

signs of a fracture?

A

shock, pain, loss of use of limb, swelling & bruising, deformity of limb

49
Q

types of fracture?

A

transverse, oblique, spinal, arulsed, greenstick, multiple

50
Q

bandage aftercare?

A

keep clean, dog boot, keep dry, changer every few days more if smelly or dirty, monitor closely

51
Q

types of bandages?

A

non adhesive, non comforming, conferming, adhesive

52
Q

what is a contusion?

A

a blow by blunt instrument causing rupture of blood vessels in the skin to soft tissue/ a bruise

53
Q

what is a haematoma?

A

rupture of blood vessel under skin causing pocket of blood

54
Q

what does ataxia mean?

A

loss of co ordination

55
Q

what is epistaxis?

A

nose bleed

56
Q

what is crepitus?

A

creaking of bones

57
Q

what act specifies who can preform treatments on animals?

A

veterinary surgeons act of 1966

58
Q

what health & safety is relevant to lifting and handling?

A

manual handling regulations 1992

59
Q

what is cheyne stokes?

A

short shallow breaths then a break then one breath, happens when an animal dies

ANA (5 decks)

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