Principles-Laser

Question 1

What does Laser stand for

Answer 1

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Question 2

Maxwell is credited for the concept that light is

Answer 2

EM wave

Question 3

Plank is credited for

Answer 3

Photoelectric effect (PE)

Question 4

Einstein is credited for

Answer 4

Quantum mechanics

Question 5

Attenuation means

Answer 5

decrease in beam energy

Question 6

Diffraction means

Answer 6

bending of wave

Question 7

Extinction length means

Answer 7

How far wave goes

Question 8

Interference means

Answer 8

optical effect which can occur when two or more light beams are superimposed

Question 9

What are the three characteristics of a laser that distinguishes it from ordinary light

Answer 9

Monochromatic-one color
Coherent-crests, troughs lined up
Directed beams are collimated-narrow and concentrated

Question 10

How does the light of a laser behave once emitted

Answer 10

STAR
Scattered
Transmitted
Absorbed
Reflected

Question 11

What is a chromophore

Answer 11

An atom or group whose presence is responsible for the color of a compound.

Question 12

What are the main three tissue chromophores found in the body

Answer 12

Hemoglobin
Melanin
Water

Question 13

Which types of light are absorbed by hemoglobin, melanin, and water

Answer 13

water absorbs infrared light
hemoglobin absorbs visible light
melanin absorbs UV light

Question 14

What are the four benefits of using a laser vs a scalpel

Answer 14

greater precision
rapid healing
preserves surrounding tissue
minimizes bleeding/edema

Question 15

What are the classification assignments of lasers

Answer 15

class1
class 2
class 2a
class 3a
class 3b
class 4

Question 16

class 1 lasers are

Answer 16

not hazardous

used for laser printers

Question 17

class 2 lasers are

Answer 17

conventional light sources

Question 18

class 2a lasers are

Answer 18

not intended for viewing

used for bar code scanners

Question 19

class 3a lasers are

Answer 19

possibly hazardous

used in laser light shows, laser pointers

Question 20

class 3b lasers are

Answer 20

hazardous if viewed directly

used for spectrometry and light shows

Question 21

class 4 lasers are

Answer 21

hazardous to eyes and skin

most surgical lasers

Question 22

What are the two main regulation bodies for lasers

Answer 22

American National Standards Institution (ANSI)

Center for devices and Radiological health (CDRH)

Question 23

What are four hazards associated with laser use on humans

Answer 23

atmospheric contamination via blum
perforation of vessels or structures
embolism
inappropriate energy transfers-burns

Question 24

What color lense should be worn when using C02

Answer 24

Clear, plastic

Question 25

what color lense should be worn when using Nd:YAG

Answer 25

Green

Question 26

what color lense should be worn when using Argon or Krypton

Answer 26

Amber-orange

Question 27

what color lense should be worn when using KTP:Nd:YAG

Answer 27

Red

Question 28

what three things are need to start a fire

Answer 28

Heat
Oxygen
Fuel

Question 29

List three ways of protecting the ETT

Answer 29

Tape with aluminum foil, copper foil, plastic metal tape

Saline filled cuffs

Metal ETT