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Oral Surgery 1 > Principles in surgery asepsis > Flashcards

Principles in surgery asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

Important decisions need to be made long ______ administration of anesthesia
• Think informed consent as well as surgical plan

A

before

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2
Q

What are the 2 basic necessities for surgery?

A

Visibility and Assistance

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3
Q
  • Adequate access
  • Retraction of soft tissues
  • Surgical flap creation
  • Adequate light
  • Surgical field free of excess blood/saliva/irrigant
A

• Visibility

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4
Q

What type of stroke is used when incising tissue?

A

Use a firm continuous stroke

• No repetitive or tentative strokes

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5
Q

When designing a flap, should the apex or base be wider?

A

Base should be wider

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6
Q

Should the length or width of flap be greater?

A

• Length never twice the width of the base

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7
Q

• Vertical releasing incisions should be made ______ teeth away from surgical site

A

one to two teeth away

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8
Q
  • Sulcular incision
  • Releasing incision(s) created as needed for visibility
  • 3 corner flap
  • 4 corner flap
A

Envelope flap

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9
Q

The following MOs are found in ___ cavity
• Aerobic gram + cocci (Strep viridans*)
• Actinomyces spp
• Anaerobic (Peptostrep, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas)
• Candida spp.

A

Oral cavity

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10
Q

The following MOs are found in ___ cavity
• Aerobic gram + cocci (strep spp.)
• Pediatrics: Haemophilus influenza
• Adults: Staphylococcus aureus

A

Nasal cavity

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11
Q

• Microbes in oral cavity are held in check by what 4 mechanisms?

A
  • Desquamation – rapid epithelial turnover
  • Host immunologic factors:
  • Dilution due to salivary flow
  • Competition between oral organisms
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12
Q

Are the majority of oral microflora pure aerobes or pure anaerobes?

A

Mixed flora

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13
Q
  • B, C most concerning to practitioners
  • Very hardy, highly resistant to desiccation and chemical disinfectants
  • Immunization for HbV DOES NOT protect for C or D viruses
  • To get Hep D, you must be Hep B positive
A

Hepatitis virus

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14
Q

• Minute quantities capable of spreading disease (105-107 virons/mL blood)
• Common means of inoculation during recapping or removal of anesthetic needle or
scalpel blade
• Can be inactivated by iodophors, hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde (disinfectant),
heat sterilization, irradiation
• Resistant to alcohol, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds

A

Hepatitis virus

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15
Q

_____
• Can be inactivated by iodophors, hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde (disinfectant),
heat sterilization, irradiation
• Resistant to alcohol, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds

A

Hepatitis

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16
Q

• Only ____ of the people that have hepatitis have signs and symptoms of the disease
• Some individuals who have completely recovered from disease (no s/s) continue to shed
intact virus particles in secretions!!

A

half

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17
Q
  • Not nearly as hardy as Hepatitis B virus
  • HIV desiccates easily and quickly,
  • Dies once outside tissue fluids it is located in
  • Same high risk individuals as with Hepatitis B
  • HIV infected patients w/ CD4 < 200/μL very susceptible to infections
  • Clinical diagnosis of AIDS given with CD4 < 200/μL
A

HIV

18
Q

HIV infected patients w/ CD4 < _____/μL very susceptible to infections

A

200

19
Q

Is there a low or high risk of seroconversion of HIV from needle stick?

A

Low risk

20
Q

• Breakdown of living tissue by the action of the microorganisms and is usually accompanied by
inflammation

A

Sepsis

21
Q

• Avoidance of sepsis

A

Asepsis

22
Q

• Attempt to keep patients, staff, and objects as free as possible of agents that cause infection

A

• Medical Asepsis

23
Q

• Attempt to prevent microbes from gaining access to surgically created wounds

A

Surgical Asepsis

24
Q
  • Reduction in the number of organisms capable of producing sepsis
  • Variable state depending on agent used
A

Disinfection

25
Q
  • Used on inanimate surfaces

* I. e. Sodium hypochlorite

A

Disinfectant

26
Q
  • Used on living tissue

* I.e. Povidone surgical scrub

A

Antiseptic

27
Q
  • Freedom from viable forms of microorganisms

* Absolute state (not variable as in disinfection)

A

Sterility

28
Q

• Reduction in the number of viable microorganisms to levels judged “safe” by public health
standards

A

Sanitization

29
Q
  • Reduction in the number of viable microorganisms

* Not connected with public health standards

A

Decontamination

30
Q

Sterilization with ____
• Spore of Bacillus stearothermophilus is used to test the effectiveness of any heat system
• Moist heat (protein coagulation) is more efficient at killing bacteria than dry heat (oxidation of
cell protein)

A

HEAT

31
Q

What is the spore used to test the effectiveness of any heat system

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

32
Q

Sterilization of packaged instruments is good for a maximum of _____ months and only if
double wrapped

A

6 MONTHS

33
Q 
• 320 ºF for 2 hours
• Advantages:
• Will not damage rust susceptible or heat resistant 
instruments
• Ease to use
• Disadvantages:
• Take too long
• Damage to heat sensitive instruments
A

Dry heat

34
Q
  • 250 ºF at 15 psi for 24 minutes• Placed in steam under pressure (increases temp)
  • Advantages
  • Effectiveness
  • Less timely
  • Relative availability
  • Disadvantages
  • Dulls and rusts instruments
  • Cost!
A

Moist heat

35
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is concerned about preventing the spread of disease from:
• Provider to patient
• Patient to provider
• Patient to patient
• Operatory to house cleaning staff
A

Infection control

36
Q

• The only answer to protection from all pathogens
• Should always be employed on EVERY patient regardless of if the patient has a known
communicable disease
• IF YOU ALWAYS DO A TASK, IT WILL EVENTUALLY BECOME SECOND NATURE
• So when it is not performed, something feels wrong

A

Universal precautions

37
Q 
• Gloves
• Mask
• Eyewear (with side shields)
• Gown
• Designed to protect staff from patient as 
well as patient from staff
A

PPE

38
Q

A ____ technique is the most commonly used infection control practice in outpatient
oral surgery
• Absolute sterility is almost impossible to achieve
• What field are we working on?
• Clean technique protects staff from patient as well as patient from staff

A

CLEAN

39
Q

Medications, allergies,and disease are actively taken in which questionaire?

A

Past med history

40
Q

How should the surgical handpiece be in regards to speed, torque, and exhaust?

A

High speed, high torque, and rear exhaust

41
Q

Can the minnesota retractor elevate tissue off bone?

A

No; can retract tissue off of bone after it has been elevated

Oral Surgery 1 (11 decks)

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