Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology FC > Principles > Flashcards

Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What features are common to all eukaryotic cells

A 
outer membrane
inner cytosol
cytoskeleton
organelles
inclusions (may / may not be membrane bound)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cytosol

A

solution of proteins electrolytes and carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cytoskeleton

A

made from thin intermediate filaments and microtubules

determines shape and fluidity of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

eukaryotic cell

A

cell with a true nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

largest component of cells

A

water- 80%, protein- 15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

type of cell that has most water

A

embryonic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plasmalemma

A

amphipathic phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does plasmalemma do?

A

separates cytoplasm from outside environment

material can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

5 integral proteins found in plasmalemma

A 
receptors
channels
transporters
enzymes
cell attachment proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

characteristics of cell membrane

A

fluid, changes shape easily, selectively permeable
highly permeable- water, oxygen, small hydrophobic molecules
impermeable- charged ions (sodium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe plasmalemma

A

phospholipid bilayer of integral and peripheral proteins with cholesterol embedded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phospholipid

A

polar hydrophilic head (choline, phosphate)

non polar hydrophobic tail (fatty acid chain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the name of a solution of proteins, electrolytes and carbohydrates?

A

inner cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what determines shape and fluidity of the cell?

A

cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the name given to other structures within the cytosol which may or may not be membrane bound?

A

inclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of the plasmalemma?

A

separates the cytoplasm from the outside environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

components of plasmalemma

A

bimolecular layer of amphipathic phospholipid molecules with their hydrophilic heads at the outer and inner surfaces. hydrophobic fatty acid chains face towards the middle of the two layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

endocytosis

A

process of capturing a substance from outside of the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

exocytosis

A

process of vesicles fusing with plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell

20
Q

what is cell membrane highly permeable to?

A

water, oxygen, small hydrophobic molecules

21
Q

what is cell membrane virtually impermeable to?

A

charged ions ex (Na+)

22
Q

organelle

A

small, intracellular organs with a specific function and structural organisation
ESSENTIAL TO LIFE

23
Q

3 main classes of filaments

A

microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

24
Q

what are microfilaments composed of?

A

actin

25
Q

which filament is composed of 6 main proteins which vary in cell type?

A

intermediate filaments

26
Q

what are microtubules composed of?

A

alpha and beta tubular subunits

27
Q

what is the special organising centre from which microtubules originate from?

A

Centrosome

28
Q

Stabilising proteins found in microtubules

A

microtubule associated proteins (MAPs)

29
Q

Kinesin

A

ATPase that moves toward cell periphery

30
Q

Dynein

A

ATPase that moves towards cell centre

31
Q

Are microtubules polar or non-polar?

A

Polar

32
Q

where do microtubules polymerise?

A

central portion of the cell then radiate outwards

33
Q

what organelles are found contained in the centrosome?

A

centrioles

34
Q

What are centrioles mainly composed of?

A

specialised microtubule segments

35
Q

what encloses the nucleus?

A

nuclear envelope

36
Q

What is the nuclear envelope composed of?

A
  • inner and outer nuclear membrane

- nuclear pores providing continuity with the cytoplasm

37
Q

what is found between the inner and outer nuclear membrane?

A

perinuclear cistern

38
Q

what is the perinuclear cistern continous with?

A

cistern of the endoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

which of the nuclear membranes is studded with ribosomes and continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

outer nuclear membrane

40
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

dense area within the nucleus

41
Q

What happens in nucleolus?

A

rRNA is transcribed

Ribosomes are formed

42
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

DNA that is more dispersed and actively undergoes transcription

43
Q

Heterochromatin

A

DNA that is highly condensed and not undergoing transcription

44
Q

What are ribosomes made up of?

A

Small subunits which bind to RNA

Large subunit which catalyses formation of peptide bonds

45
Q

Role of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Form a network of interconnecting membrane bound compartments in the cell

46
Q

2 kinds of endoplasmic reticulim

A

Rough and smooth

47
Q

What is rough endoplasmic reticulum characterised by?

A

Being studded with ribosomes

Histology FC (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions