principles Flashcards
Which Ig is found in mucosa?
IgA
What produces endotoxin?
Gram negative
What produces exotoxin?
Gram positive
Which Ig is found in breast milk?
IgA
Which Ig is associated with hypersensitivity?
IgE
What receptors does IgE bind to bring about a response?
Fc receptors
What is the most common type of Ig/antibody?
IgG
What is the first antibody/Ig to appear in response to an antigen?
IgM
Where is the trachea palpated?
Suprasternal notch/jugular notch
What nerve supplies the rectum?
S4/inferior rectal nerve (S2, 3, 4 (pudendal) keeps penis, poo and pee off the floor)
What nerve supplies the diaphragm?
C3, 4, 5/phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive)
What antibiotic is used for gram positive cover?
Vancomycin
What are the mycin antibiotics used for?
Streptococcal infections, URTI/LRTI, mycoplasma infections - also used for stomach ulcers caused by H.pylori with PPl’s (omeprazole) and histamine 2 receptor antagonists (ranitidine)
CF gene is autosomal recessive. What are the chances that another unaffected daughter is a carrier?
⅔
What bone has no articulations in the body?
Hyoid bone
What is the use of antimicrobial soap?
Choose most ‘serious’ option.
What is 2,3-DPG?
An acid that helps bind O2. Reduced amounts of this result in more dissociation.
What component of a strain of MRSA causes severe skin infection such as necrotising fasciitis?
Panton Valentine Leukocidin. The ‘worst’ type of MRSA is PVL.
Which Ig is found in mucosa?
IgA
What is the secretory form of IgA?
SecreAtory IgA
Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant?
IgM
Which bacteria produces endotoxin?
Gram negative bacteria
Which bacteria produce exotoxin?
Gram positive bacteria
What antibiotics are used for gram positive cover?
Glycopeptides
What are the causes of clubbing?
CLUBBING - Cyanotic heart disease, Lung disease, UC/Crohn’s, Biliary cirrhosis, Birth defect, Infective endocarditis, Neoplasm (Hodgkin’s), GI malabsorption.
What does low Km indicate?
Only need a small amount for reaction to successfully occur. (Higher affinity)
What does high Km indicate?
Need lots for reaction to be successful.
