principles

Question 1

with regards to vocabulary

Answer 1

consider lexical fields

Question 2

with register, french

Answer 2

gets away with more formality than english

Question 3

french gets away with longer sentences

Answer 3

that may need to be broken up in english to sound more natural

Question 4

only penalised for things

Answer 4

that distort the meaning or effect of the text; get creative but not too creative!

Question 5

making sense in english means more than

Answer 5

keeping true to the original text. do not send in rubbish

Question 6

for something culturally specific in the text/culture

Answer 6

might be worth finding a cultural equivalent in english

Question 7

do not translate

Answer 7

place names; keep ‘rue’ as itself too

Question 8

with the word ressemble

Answer 8

it’s more neutral in french, and can be strong or weak depending on context. e.g. ‘looks like’

Question 9

dans le sens

Answer 9

in the direction of

Question 10

et si

Answer 10

means what if. ALWAYS

Question 11

gold in the plural

Answer 11

does not exist; try to convey the gold sense onto something else

Question 12

il s’agit de

Answer 12

it’s a matter of/what’s at stake/what matters. as an imperative, like ‘the main thing now’

Question 13

imperfect

Answer 13

was + present tense

Question 14

for literary writing

Answer 14

don’t be afraid to go super OTT

Question 15

il est/il était

Answer 15

can mean there is/was

Question 16

se voir

Answer 16

puts things into the passive. e.g. je me suis vu volé = i was robbed

Question 17

son can be the possessive

Answer 17

for ‘on’ as well as ‘il/elle’

Question 18

‘re’ prefix outside of the typical verbs

Answer 18

can be a humorous way to say ‘another’ - think about conveying potential humour

Question 19

french uses a lot of nouns

Answer 19

which would default to being verbs in english

Question 20

translating ‘on’ (pronoun) as ‘one’

Answer 20

is often the worst possible solution, turning something casual in french and giving it a formal register in english. can mean people/thepublic/we/they. also think about the passive

Question 21

comme without a noun

Answer 21

is a preposition; like ‘since’ or ‘seeing as

Question 22

aussi can also mean

Answer 22

consequently/so/therefore/as a result

Question 23

when dealing with long sentences

Answer 23

look for the main verb + subject, and bracket these off. then think about adverbs. then the stuff in the middle. then go back to relative clauses. find the spine of the sentence, then everything else.

Question 24

sometimes french uses colons

Answer 24

which would make more sense as commas in english

Question 25

might make sense to replace a french colon

Answer 25

with a connective depending on the part before

Question 26

if there are multiple ‘qui’s you have to fit

Answer 26

can leave one out

Question 27

might make sense to repeat certain markers which aren’t repeated in the original text

Answer 27

to show the examiner you know what you’re doing

Question 28

fit + infinitive

Answer 28

was + verb - passé simple

Question 29

estoit + etoit

Answer 29

mean était

Question 30

eust

Answer 30

would have

Question 31

-oit

Answer 31

old version of -ait

Question 32

vowel + circumflex

Answer 32

would probably be rendered to vowel + s in older texts