Principles Flashcards

1
Q

how are radiographs named?

A

according to the direction the central x-ray penetrates the body from point-of-entrance to point-of-exit

oblique: angle of obliquity inserted if NOT standard 45 degrees (ex. DLPaMO = D60LPaMO if 60 degrees laterally with respect to dorsal)

lateral abdomen/thorax: abbreviated relative to to the recumbency of the patient (basically what side the animal is lying on, rather than the standard naming)

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2
Q

tell me about the special cases of naming for these circumstances:
- skull
- above carpus/tarsus
- below carpus/tarsus

A

skull: use rostral instead of cranial
above carpus/tarsus: cranial/caudal
below carpus/tarsus: dorsal/palmar/plantar

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3
Q

how do you hang a radiograph? like what directions are where?

A

lateral views: head to left, dorsal is up

VD/DV: head is top, patient left on right of screen

SA limbs: distal is down, L vs R is whatever you want (be consistent)

LA limbs: walking to the left

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4
Q

doubling of mAs = ______%_________ in kVp
halving of mAs = ______% __________ in kVp

A

15 increase
15 decrease

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5
Q

silhouette sign is also called ….. ?

A

border effacement

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6
Q

should you do a dog-o-gram?

A

no

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7
Q

what is the minimum number of views for a standard radiograph? what about for LA?

A

2 - orthogonal views
4 for LA

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8
Q

what are the borders for thoracic radiograph?

A

thoracic inlet –> all of diaphragm –> sternum and ST –> dorsal spinous processes

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9
Q

what are the borders for abdomen radiograph?

A

diaphragm –> end of pelvis
try to include ST’s to caudal end of pelvis if relevant

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10
Q

what are the borders for MSK joint radiograph?

A

joint in centre of image, mid diaphysis above and below

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11
Q

what are the borders for MSK bone radiograph?

A

joint above and below bone

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12
Q

for thorax radiographs, how many views should you take and what views?

A

at least 2
lateral AND VD or DV

depends on purpose of study:
- metastatic check: min 3 views (both laterals and VD)
- cardiac evaluation: 2 views lateral and VD or DV
- heart failure: 2 views lateral and DV

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13
Q

for abdomen radiographs, how many views should you take and what views?

A

2 views at leasdt
right or left lateral AND VD or DV

best clinical practice = 3 views

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14
Q

for MSK radiographs, how many views should you take and what views?

A

at least 2 for most things
cuboidal joints (carpus/tarsus): min 4 views

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