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Forensic Chemistry > Principle to Blood and blood Stains > Flashcards

Principle to Blood and blood Stains Flashcards

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1
Q

Forensic experts use this principle to identify and differentiate evidence because they know that individuals have their own unique characteristics or even identify from all objects.

A

Law of Individuality

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2
Q

It states that everything undergoes change over time, these changes can be physical, chemical, or biological, in which it affects characteristics and appearance of objects.

A

Law of Progressive Change

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3
Q

This principle allows you to identify or analyze something, you must compare it with something similar

A

Principle of Comparison

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4
Q

It emphasizes that the quality and reliability of an analysis are directly dependent on the quality of the sample being analyzed.

A

Principle of Analysis

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5
Q

The identification and conclusions are based on the probability, which means that certainty is often expressed rather than absolute certainty.

A

Law of Probability

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6
Q

A fluid that contains a mixture of components to function the body properly.

A

Blood

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7
Q

Enumerate the four main components of blood

A
  1. RBC
  2. WBC
  3. Platelets
  4. Plasma
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8
Q

A cell in which it carries the oxygen and hemoglobin to flow in our whole body.

A

Red Blood Cells

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9
Q

The function of this component is primarily to fight the infections and disease in our body

A

White Blood Cells

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10
Q

This component helps to aid in clotting

A

Platelets

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11
Q

It carries nutrients such as (glucose, amino acids) hormones and waste.

A

Plasma

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12
Q

Albumin contain/s of what?

A

Enzyme and Proteins

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13
Q

It performs important functions like clotting, transporting nutrients, and defending against infections.

A

Albumin

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14
Q

It includes minerals and salts that help maintain the balance of fluids in our body and support various biological processes.

A

Inorganic Subtance

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15
Q

pH scales are ranging?

A

0-14

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16
Q

The normal pH ranging scale of blood?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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17
Q

The pH ranging scale for an acidic (acidosis)?

A

0 - 6

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18
Q

The pH ranging scale for an alkaline (alkalosis)?

A

8-14

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19
Q

The importance of the study of blood?

A
  1. As circumstantial or corroborative evidence against or in favor of the perpetrator
  2. For disputed parentage
  3. Determination of the cause of death and the length of time the victim survived the attack
  4. Determination of the direction of escape of the victim or the assailant
  5. Determination of the origin of the flow of blood
  6. Determination of the approximate time the crime was committed
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20
Q

It is considered as the largest circulating tissue of the body.

A

Blood

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21
Q

A fluid that circulates into the Cardio Vascular System

A

Blood

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22
Q

Nature of Blood?

A
  1. Largest circulating tissue of the body
  2. Consists of vital substances
  3. Fluid that circulates into the Cardiovascular System (CVS)
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23
Q

It responsible for transporting oxygen (O₂) from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation

A

Blood

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24
Q

It carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive system to cells throughout the body and transports metabolic waste products to the kidneys, liver, and lungs for elimination.

A

Blood

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25
Q

It helps to regulate body temperature by distributing heat throughout the body and adjusting blood flow to the skin.

A

Blood

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26
Q

It plays a vital role in maintaining the pH balance of body fluids

A

Blood

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27
Q

When medicine is administered whether it’s orally, through injection or any other means in which it enters the bloodstream it helps to transport the areas of the body that need treatment.

A

Blood

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28
Q

Functions of Blood (if tamad ka skip this bitch)

A
  • Transport of Gases (Oxygen and Carbon Carbon Dioxide) nutrients and wastes
  • Blood regulates body temperature
  • Blood regulates pH of the body fluids
  • Blood caries injected and otherwise given medicines to affected parts of the body.
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29
Q

This kind of blood flows through the arteries

A

Arterial Blood

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30
Q

Arterial Blood is also known as?

A

Capillary Blood

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31
Q

Capillar Blood is also known as?

A

Arterial Blood

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32
Q

Arterial is rich in what element of gas?

A

Oxygen

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33
Q

Arterial Blood is rich in oxygen that gives colors of what?

A

Bright Red

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34
Q

This oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body in which it supplies organs and tissues with the oxygen to function.

A

Arterial Blood

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35
Q

This kind of blood that flows through the veins

A

Venous Blood

36
Q

The venous blood gives dark red that is caused by these components.

A

Carbon Dioxide and Less Oxygen

37
Q

The venous blood gives color because it contains carbon dioxide and less oxygen.

A

Dark Red

38
Q

This non-oxygenated blood has already delivered its oxygen to the body’s tissues and is now returning to the heart and lungs to pick up more oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.

A

Venous Blood

39
Q

A vital component of blood that gives it its red color.

A

Hemoglobin

40
Q

It’s a special protein in red blood cells that contains iron, which is why blood appears red.

A

Hemoglobin

41
Q

It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and brings back carbon dioxide to be exhaled.

A

Hemoglobin

42
Q

How many glass/es that can result to fatal loss of blood?

A

6 glasses

43
Q

How many glass/es that can result to anemia?

A

3 glasses

44
Q

A condition where there aren’t enough red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry sufficient oxygen to the body’s tissues, causing weakness and fatigue.

A

Anemia

45
Q

It contains how many grams of hemoglobin in our body?

A

14-17 grams

46
Q

What are the derivatives types of Hemoglobin

A

Abnormal Derivatives of Hemoglobin
Normal Derivatives of Hemoglobin

47
Q

Enumerate the abnormal Derivatives of Hemoglobin?

A
  1. Methemoglobin (HbM)
  2. Sulfhemoglobin (HbS)
  3. Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)
48
Q

It is caused by exposure to nitrates/nitrites or certain drugs, resulting in chocolate-brown blood.

A

Methemoglobin (HbM)

49
Q

It gives color to Methemoglobin

A

Chocolate Brown Blood

50
Q

It is associated with certain bacterial infections or chemical exposure, leading to lavender-colored blood.

A

Sulfhemoglobin (HbS)

51
Q

It gives color to Sulfhemoglobin (HbS)

A

Lavender-Colored Blood

52
Q

It results from carbon monoxide exposure, causing cherry-red blood.

A

Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)

53
Q

It gives color to Carboxyhemoglobin

A

Cherry-Red Blood

54
Q

Hemoglobin that is combined with oxygen that gives color to the arterial blood.

A

Oxyhemoglobin (HbO²)

55
Q

Hemoglobin that is combined with carbon dioxide that gives color to the venous blood.

A

Reduced Hemoglobin (HbCO²)

56
Q

This contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen to various cells in the body. It is circular, biconcave discs or rounded edges.

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

57
Q

This are masses of nucleated protoplasm

A

White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)

58
Q

It defends the body from invading microorganisms. It also fights infection.

A

White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)

59
Q

Kinds of White Blood Cells

A
  1. Monocytes
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Basophils
  5. Eosinophils
60
Q

They have a longer lifespan than many white blood cells and help to break down bacteria.

A

Monocytes

61
Q

They create antibodies to fight against bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful invaders

A

Lymphocytes

62
Q

They kill and digest bacteria and fungi. They are the mostnumerous types of white blood cells and your first line of defense when infection strikes.

A

Neutrophils

63
Q

These small cells seem to sound an alarm when infectious agents invade your blood. They secrete chemicals such as histamine, a marker of allergic disease, that help control the body’s immune response.

A

Basophils

64
Q

They attack and kill parasites andcancer cells, and help with allergic responses.

A

Eosinophils

65
Q

These are cells that are produced by the bone marrow and are necessary for proper clotting of blood.

A

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

66
Q

It is normally responsible for the retraction of blood clot.

A

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

67
Q

How many percent in which blood formed elements to solid materials?

A

45%

68
Q

How many percent in which blood formed elements to a liquid portion?

A

55%

69
Q

It is the fluid or portion of blood where the cells are suspended. It is principally composed of: Water (90%) Solid (10%)

A

Plasma

70
Q

The most abundant protein in the blood

A

Albumin

71
Q

It has a unique ability to bind to a wide variety of molecules, including hormones, fatty acids, and many drugs

A

Albumin

72
Q

This prevents excess fluid from leaking out into tissues, thereby preventing edema (swelling).

A

Albumin

73
Q

The important role in the immune mechanism of the body.

A

Globulins

74
Q

It appears as a pale yellow, straw-colored liquid. Contains clotting factors that help stop bleeding.

A

Plasma

75
Q

It also appears as a pale yellow, straw-colored liquid. It is the liquid portion of blood that remains after the blood has clotted.

A

Serum

76
Q

What are the methods of collecting blood

A

1.Capillary Blood Sample
2. Venous Blood Sample
3. Arterial Blood Sample

77
Q

Methods in collecting blood are through the Skin/Finger/Ring Puncture in which arterial blood is collected in small quantity of blood.

A

Capillary Blood Sample

78
Q

Puncture sites of Capillary sample:

A
  1. Ring Finger
  2. Earlobes
  3. Heal or Toe
79
Q

An instrument in which used to collect blood in heel or to for a capillary sample

A

Lancet or Pricker

80
Q

Methods of collecting blood in larger volumes are taken from the vein.

A

Venous Blood Sample

81
Q

The parts of the vein in which it can be collected for blood sample

A
  1. Cephalic Vein
  2. Medial Cephalic Vein
  3. Basilic Vein
  4. Jugular Vein
82
Q

Methods of collecting blood in larger volumes in which taken from the arteries

A

Arterial Blood Sample or Venipuncture Method

83
Q

Arterial Blood Sample is also known as?

A

Venipuncture Method

84
Q

Venipuncture Method is also known as?

A

Arterial Blood Sample

85
Q

The parts of the artery in which it can be collected for blood sample

A
  1. Radial Artery
  2. rachial Artery
  3. Femoral Artery
  4. Carotid Artery

Forensic Chemistry (1 decks)

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