Principle to Blood and blood Stains

Question 1

Forensic experts use this principle to identify and differentiate evidence because they know that individuals have their own unique characteristics or even identify from all objects.

Answer 1

Law of Individuality

Question 2

It states that everything undergoes change over time, these changes can be physical, chemical, or biological, in which it affects characteristics and appearance of objects.

Answer 2

Law of Progressive Change

Question 3

This principle allows you to identify or analyze something, you must compare it with something similar

Answer 3

Principle of Comparison

Question 4

It emphasizes that the quality and reliability of an analysis are directly dependent on the quality of the sample being analyzed.

Answer 4

Principle of Analysis

Question 5

The identification and conclusions are based on the probability, which means that certainty is often expressed rather than absolute certainty.

Answer 5

Law of Probability

Question 6

A fluid that contains a mixture of components to function the body properly.

Answer 6

Blood

Question 7

Enumerate the four main components of blood

Answer 7

1. RBC
2. WBC
3. Platelets
4. Plasma

Question 8

A cell in which it carries the oxygen and hemoglobin to flow in our whole body.

Answer 8

Red Blood Cells

Question 9

The function of this component is primarily to fight the infections and disease in our body

Answer 9

White Blood Cells

Question 10

This component helps to aid in clotting

Answer 10

Platelets

Question 11

It carries nutrients such as (glucose, amino acids) hormones and waste.

Answer 11

Plasma

Question 12

Albumin contain/s of what?

Answer 12

Enzyme and Proteins

Question 13

It performs important functions like clotting, transporting nutrients, and defending against infections.

Answer 13

Albumin

Question 14

It includes minerals and salts that help maintain the balance of fluids in our body and support various biological processes.

Answer 14

Inorganic Subtance

Question 15

pH scales are ranging?

Answer 15

0-14

Question 16

The normal pH ranging scale of blood?

Answer 16

7.35 - 7.45

Question 17

The pH ranging scale for an acidic (acidosis)?

Answer 17

0 - 6

Question 18

The pH ranging scale for an alkaline (alkalosis)?

Answer 18

8-14

Question 19

The importance of the study of blood?

Answer 19

1. As circumstantial or corroborative evidence against or in favor of the perpetrator
2. For disputed parentage
3. Determination of the cause of death and the length of time the victim survived the attack
4. Determination of the direction of escape of the victim or the assailant
5. Determination of the origin of the flow of blood
6. Determination of the approximate time the crime was committed

Question 20

It is considered as the largest circulating tissue of the body.

Answer 20

Blood

Question 21

A fluid that circulates into the Cardio Vascular System

Answer 21

Blood

Question 22

Nature of Blood?

Answer 22

1. Largest circulating tissue of the body
2. Consists of vital substances
3. Fluid that circulates into the Cardiovascular System (CVS)

Question 23

It responsible for transporting oxygen (O₂) from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation

Answer 23

Blood

Question 24

It carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive system to cells throughout the body and transports metabolic waste products to the kidneys, liver, and lungs for elimination.

Answer 24

Blood

Question 25

It helps to regulate body temperature by distributing heat throughout the body and adjusting blood flow to the skin.

Answer 25

Blood

Question 26

It plays a vital role in maintaining the pH balance of body fluids

Answer 26

Blood

Question 27

When medicine is administered whether it's orally, through injection or any other means in which it enters the bloodstream it helps to transport the areas of the body that need treatment.

Answer 27

Blood

Question 28

Functions of Blood (if tamad ka skip this bitch)

Answer 28

- Transport of Gases (Oxygen and Carbon Carbon Dioxide) nutrients and wastes - Blood regulates body temperature - Blood regulates pH of the body fluids - Blood caries injected and otherwise given medicines to affected parts of the body.

Question 29

This kind of blood flows through the arteries

Answer 29

Arterial Blood

Question 30

Arterial Blood is also known as?

Answer 30

Capillary Blood

Question 31

Capillar Blood is also known as?

Answer 31

Arterial Blood

Question 32

Arterial is rich in what element of gas?

Answer 32

Oxygen

Question 33

Arterial Blood is rich in oxygen that gives colors of what?

Answer 33

Bright Red

Question 34

This oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body in which it supplies organs and tissues with the oxygen to function.

Answer 34

Arterial Blood

Question 35

This kind of blood that flows through the veins

Answer 35

Venous Blood

Question 36

The venous blood gives dark red that is caused by these components.

Answer 36

Carbon Dioxide and Less Oxygen

Question 37

The venous blood gives color because it contains carbon dioxide and less oxygen.

Answer 37

Dark Red

Question 38

This non-oxygenated blood has already delivered its oxygen to the body’s tissues and is now returning to the heart and lungs to pick up more oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.

Answer 38

Venous Blood

Question 39

A vital component of blood that gives it its red color.

Answer 39

Hemoglobin

Question 40

It’s a special protein in red blood cells that contains iron, which is why blood appears red.

Answer 40

Hemoglobin

Question 41

It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and brings back carbon dioxide to be exhaled.

Answer 41

Hemoglobin

Question 42

How many glass/es that can result to fatal loss of blood?

Answer 42

6 glasses

Question 43

How many glass/es that can result to anemia?

Answer 43

3 glasses

Question 44

A condition where there aren’t enough red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry sufficient oxygen to the body’s tissues, causing weakness and fatigue.

Answer 44

Anemia

Question 45

It contains how many grams of hemoglobin in our body?

Answer 45

14-17 grams

Question 46

What are the derivatives types of Hemoglobin

Answer 46

Abnormal Derivatives of Hemoglobin Normal Derivatives of Hemoglobin

Question 47

Enumerate the abnormal Derivatives of Hemoglobin?

Answer 47

1. Methemoglobin (HbM) 2. Sulfhemoglobin (HbS) 3. Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)

Question 48

It is caused by exposure to nitrates/nitrites or certain drugs, resulting in chocolate-brown blood.

Answer 48

Methemoglobin (HbM)

Question 49

It gives color to Methemoglobin

Answer 49

Chocolate Brown Blood

Question 50

It is associated with certain bacterial infections or chemical exposure, leading to lavender-colored blood.

Answer 50

Sulfhemoglobin (HbS)

Question 51

It gives color to Sulfhemoglobin (HbS)

Answer 51

Lavender-Colored Blood

Question 52

It results from carbon monoxide exposure, causing cherry-red blood.

Answer 52

Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)

Question 53

It gives color to Carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 53

Cherry-Red Blood

Question 54

Hemoglobin that is combined with oxygen that gives color to the arterial blood.

Answer 54

Oxyhemoglobin (HbO²)

Question 55

Hemoglobin that is combined with carbon dioxide that gives color to the venous blood.

Answer 55

Reduced Hemoglobin (HbCO²)

Question 56

This contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen to various cells in the body. It is circular, biconcave discs or rounded edges.

Answer 56

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Question 57

This are masses of nucleated protoplasm

Answer 57

White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)

Question 58

It defends the body from invading microorganisms. It also fights infection.

Answer 58

White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)

Question 59

Kinds of White Blood Cells

Answer 59

1. Monocytes 2. Lymphocytes 3. Neutrophils 4. Basophils 5. Eosinophils

Question 60

They have a longer lifespan than many white blood cells and help to break down bacteria.

Answer 60

Monocytes

Question 61

They create antibodies to fight against bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful invaders

Answer 61

Lymphocytes

Question 62

They kill and digest bacteria and fungi. They are the most numerous types of white blood cells and your first line of defense when infection strikes.

Answer 62

Neutrophils

Question 63

These small cells seem to sound an alarm when infectious agents invade your blood. They secrete chemicals such as histamine, a marker of allergic disease, that help control the body's immune response.

Answer 63

Basophils

Question 64

They attack and kill parasites and cancer cells, and help with allergic responses.

Answer 64

Eosinophils

Question 65

These are cells that are produced by the bone marrow and are necessary for proper clotting of blood.

Answer 65

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Question 66

It is normally responsible for the retraction of blood clot.

Answer 66

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Question 67

How many percent in which blood formed elements to solid materials?

Answer 67

45%

Question 68

How many percent in which blood formed elements to a liquid portion?

Answer 68

55%

Question 69

It is the fluid or portion of blood where the cells are suspended. It is principally composed of: Water (90%) Solid (10%)

Answer 69

Plasma

Question 70

The most abundant protein in the blood

Answer 70

Albumin

Question 71

It has a unique ability to bind to a wide variety of molecules, including hormones, fatty acids, and many drugs

Answer 71

Albumin

Question 72

This prevents excess fluid from leaking out into tissues, thereby preventing edema (swelling).

Answer 72

Albumin

Question 73

The important role in the immune mechanism of the body.

Answer 73

Globulins

Question 74

It appears as a pale yellow, straw-colored liquid. Contains clotting factors that help stop bleeding.

Answer 74

Plasma

Question 75

It also appears as a pale yellow, straw-colored liquid. It is the liquid portion of blood that remains after the blood has clotted.

Answer 75

Serum

Question 76

What are the methods of collecting blood

Answer 76

1.Capillary Blood Sample 2. Venous Blood Sample 3. Arterial Blood Sample

Question 77

Methods in collecting blood are through the Skin/Finger/Ring Puncture in which arterial blood is collected in small quantity of blood.

Answer 77

Capillary Blood Sample

Question 78

Puncture sites of Capillary sample:

Answer 78

1. Ring Finger 2. Earlobes 3. Heal or Toe

Question 79

An instrument in which used to collect blood in heel or to for a capillary sample

Answer 79

Lancet or Pricker

Question 80

Methods of collecting blood in larger volumes are taken from the vein.

Answer 80

Venous Blood Sample

Question 81

The parts of the vein in which it can be collected for blood sample

Answer 81

1. Cephalic Vein 2. Medial Cephalic Vein 3. Basilic Vein 4. Jugular Vein

Question 82

Methods of collecting blood in larger volumes in which taken from the arteries

Answer 82

Arterial Blood Sample or Venipuncture Method

Question 83

Arterial Blood Sample is also known as?

Answer 83

Venipuncture Method

Question 84

Venipuncture Method is also known as?

Answer 84

Arterial Blood Sample

Question 85

The parts of the artery in which it can be collected for blood sample

Answer 85

1. Radial Artery 2. rachial Artery 3. Femoral Artery 4. Carotid Artery