Principle of Coagulation Flashcards
o _______ – in which this is part of hemostasis, happens when there is vessel injury
o Tisue factor also known as _______ or ____
- Vascular intima
- Thromboplastin
- FIII
- Involves the interaction of ____,___, , enzymes
o Vasoconstriction is also known as _____
o Vessel injury = _________ - Hemo means “_” and stasis means “________”
o Hemostasis is the stoppage of the blood.
o Platelet adhesion, platelet aggregation, and
coagulation factors are part of the hemostasis
because if these are absent, the bleeding continues. - A complex process that:
o Produces a ____ to stop the bleeding
o Keeps the ______
o Dissolves the clot as the ______
- HEMOTASIS
- vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and aggregation and coagulation
- vessel spasm
- Vessel constriction or vessel spasm
- blood
- the stoppage
- clot
- clot confined
- wound heal
- Hemo means “______” and stasis means “________”
- ________ will start on the site of the vessel injury
- blood
- stoppage of blood flow
- Hemostasis
_________ – ECs secrete von
Willebrand factor (vWF) from storage sites called _______ when activated by vasoactive agents such as thrombin.
- Primary Hemostasis
- Weibel-Palade bodies
• Reduction in blood vessel diameter due to smooth muscle constriction.
VASOCONSTRICTION
What happens during vessel injury?
There would be constriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
_______ – it is wider.
Vasodilation
In order for adhesion, we need the _ and _. On the other hand, in aggregation, with the help of the , and _. The platelet one and two will be merging together.
* Once there’s adhesion and aggregation, the bleeding will be prevented. _ is a complex process that produce a clot to stop the bleeding.
* Platelets stop the bleeding in the vessel injury ______. We need _ to make sure that the
hemostatic plug is stable. Once fibrin is present, the ________ comes into the picture, they will be the one to support the clot.
o _______ will be activated by thrombin to Fibrin
* Hemostasis also dissolved the clot by the process called _ which will lyse the fibrin that is form to become normal.
- It also involves the ______, ______, ______ during vessel injury
- PLATELET ADHESION AND AGGREGATION
- vWF and the GPIb
-fibrinogen, vWF and GPIIb/IIIa
-Hemostasis - TEMPORARILY
-fibrin - secondary hemostasis
- Fibrinogen
- Fibrinolysis
- capillaries
- arteries
- veins
- _______ have the thickest wall of the vascular system.
-blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
- Arteries
known as the inner lining and thinnest
layer composed of single layer of endothelial cells and
sub-endothelial layer of connective tissue.
- Tunica Intima
• When the wound is small – _________
• When the wound is big and deep – ________
- Primary hemostasis (platelets)
- Secondary
hemostasis (coagulation factors)
The Key Cellular Elements of Hemostasis
- Vascular Intima
- Extravascular Tissue Factor (TF)
- Platelets
- Blood Coagulation Factors
- Fibrinolytic proteins
• The ________ provides the interface between circulating blood and the body tissues.
• The innermost lining of blood vessels is a monolayer of metabolically active ________
- Vascular intima
- endothelial cells
• Essential component of functional immune system. This serves as the barrier that prevents the transmigration of immune cells.
Immune Response
• Characterizes the capacity of the vessel wall that allows the flow of the blood.
Vascular Permeability
• Can promote hematopoietic stem cells & differentiation
• _______ – maintain the survival and selfrenewal of hematopo
- Proliferation
- Endothelial cells
In Hemostasis _ are essential
Endothelial cells
• The _______ (tissues surrounding blood vessels)
involved in hemostasis when local vessel is injured, through ______ and _______.
• It plays a part in hemostasis by providing back-pressure on the injured vessel through _____ and ______ of escaped blood.
• The platelets and plasma proteins that circulate within the
blood vessels.
o These components are involved in Coagulation (clot or thrombus formation) or _______ (clot or thrombus dissolution).
➢ _______ – destruction or lysis of the fibrin
during wound healing
▪ We need to control the activate by the
help of inhibitors to prevent too much
activation
- EXTRAVASCULAR COMPONENT
- extra-vascular
- swelling
- inflammation
- swelling
- trapping
- Fibrinolysis
- The platelets and plasma proteins that - circulate within the blood vessels
- The Vascular Intima, Extravascular Tissue Factor, and Platelets are the components are involved in _______ (clot or thrombus formation) or ______ (clot or thrombus dissolution)
- Platelets
- Coagulation
- Fibrinolysis
• Responsible for micro circulation that links between arterial and venous circulation.
• Thinnest walled and most numerous of blood vessels compose of basement membrane that is tightly anchored with collagen that offers support for microvascular unit.
• Most abundant
CAPILLARIES
• Smaller blood vessels
• ______: Microscopic continuation of arteries giving off _______ joining capillaries
• ______: microscopic size of veins connecting to capillaries
- ARTERIOLES AND VENULES
- Arterioles
- meta-arterioles
- Venules
- Blood flows through the vascular system to and from all parts of the body. The vascular system consists of ______, ______, and _____.
- Blood normally carried within vessels whose physical capabilities include _______ or
__________ and ______ or ________ which are controlled by the - smooth muscle of the vessel media
- ROLES OF BLOOD VESSEL IN HEMOSTASIS
- capillaries
- arteries
- veins
- Contraction
- VASOCONSTRICTION (narrowing)
- Dilation
- VASODILATION
- ______: Is the process whereby on vessel injury,
Plasma protein, Tissue factors and Calcium interact on the surface of the platelets to form a Fibrin clot
o _______ – very important in the activation of
coagulation factors, without it there is no
activation of coagulation factors or no clot formation. - Platelets provide a surface for the coagulation reaction, and interact with fibrin to form _______________
- ROLE OF COAGULATION IN HEMOSTASIS
- Coagulation
- Calcium
- interact with fibrin
- a stable platelet fibrin (FXIII) clot.
- bleeding
- Clotting
- Plasma transports at least 16 procoagulants, also called _________.
- Nearly all are glycoproteins synthesized in the _.
- _ is the ultimate substrate of the coagulation pathway.
- coagulation factors
- liver
- Fibrinogen
- ________ – inhibits or slow down the process of platelet activation and aggregation
- Prostacyclin
• ________ – formation of clot or thrombus formation
• _______ are part of coagulation.
• Without _______, there would no bleeding/hemorrhage
• Without _______, there will be no thrombosis.
• If this is balance, there would _____________
- CONCEPT OF NORMAL COAGULATION
- Coagulation
- Platelets
- fibrinolysis
- coagulation
- no clot formation/thrombosis
- Poor clot formation
- ___________ – will lead to bleeding
- __________ – no ability to form clot
- _______________
o Acquired conditions such as ___, ____ and ___________.
➢ Liver is involved because most of coagulation factors are synthesize in the liver.
- CONCEPT OF HYPOCOAGULATION
- Excessive fibrinolysis
- Hypocoagulation/ - Hypocoaguble disease
- Hypo-coagulable states.
- DIC
- Liver
- Kidney diseases
- Uncontrolled
- Hypercoagulable disease
- Other conditions are related to uncontrolled thrombosis are called ______________.
- This is related to an appropriate formation of _______ in the vascular vessels that occlude normal blood flow.
- Elevated platelets and it is above the reference value
- Will lead to ______
- Thrombus is composed of ,,, There is also a tendency that the RBC will have a hard time to flow and will lead to _________, _______, and _____.
- Uncontrolled thrombosis – seen in cases of _ (high risk of having this)
- CONCEPT OF HYPERCOAGULATION
- Hyper-coagulable state
- thrombi
- thrombosis
-platelets, WBC, RBCs, cholesterol. - Myocardial infarction
- mild stroke
- death
Polycythemia vera
o _________ – where platelet factors enter
secondary Hemostasis
o _________ – clot will be dissolved
fibrinolysis (thrombus dissolution)
- ___ is a large multimeric glycoprotein that participates in platelet adhesion and transports the procoagulant factor VIII.
VWF
- ______ – platelets roll and cling to nonplatelet surfaces. Reversible; seals endothelial gaps, some secretion of growth factors, in arterioles VWF is necessary for it.
Adhesion
- _______ – platelets adhere to each other.
Irreversible; platelet plugs form, platelet contents are secreted, requires fibrinogen.
Aggregation
- _______ – platelets discharge the contents of their granules. Irreversible; occurs during aggregation, platelet contents are secreted, essential to coagulation.
Secretion
- _______, _______, and ________ also participate in hemostasis.
erythrocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes
– dissolution of the fibrin.
Fibrinolysis
- _______ are larger and have more irregular lumen than arteries.
- blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
for reoxygenation.
Veins
middle layer, also short, composed of
_ and _
tunica media
- smooth muscles and elastic tissues/fibers.
outer most layer of blood vessels.
This is composed of _ annd _
o This is the strongest layer and serves as the barrier
tunica adventitia –
- elastic fiber and collagen.
- The major role of the ______ is to maintain a complete balance of the body’s tendency toward clotting and bleeding.
hemostatic system
o ______ – there’s a thrombus formation that will occlude
Clotting
enhances the activity of anti-thrombin III or ATIII
Heparin sulfate-
will inactivate the thrombin
o ATIII-
*___________ – anticoagulant in
which are produce by the endothelial cell
tissue factor pathway inhibitor
control the activation of the
tissue factor pathway. Essential in hemostasis to maintain or balance it.
o Endothelial cells-
- ________ – induces smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation and inhibits the platelet activation.
Nitric oxide
– also present in endothelial cells, act as normal anticoagulant
thrombomodulin
