Principals/chiro Theories

Question 1

Kirkaldy - Willis

Answer 1

3 phase model of instability
Dysfunction—-> unstable——>stabilization
Ie: joint hypomobility, altered biomechanics lead to instability, and then degeneration
Dysfunction happens from alteration in segment muscle tone and function

Question 2

Korr

Answer 2

Segmental facilitation Theory -lowered threshold for firing in a spinal segment as a result of afferant bombardment(facilitation) associated with spinal lesion.
Aka:facilitation hypothesis Aka: fixation theory ,segmental hypothesis, gamma motor gain,
proprioceptive insult-constant bombardment lowers threshold for firing
sympatheticotonia

Korrs theory segmental dysfunction—>sustained hyperactivity (caused by muscle spindle activity/muscle spasm)——

Question 3

Neuro dynamic hypothesis aka nueroimmunomodulation

Answer 3

Nervous system controls immune function when there is spinal biomechanical insult to the nerves it can alter the axoplasmic transport mechanism and as a result affect the quality of nuerktrophic influence and alter chemicals such as mast cells,h;istamine, B cell, t helper cells

Question 4

General adaptation syndrome

Answer 4

Hans Syele
Developed the theory related to nueroendocrine mechanism
Nervous system dysfunction affects the endocrine system . Exposure to. Stress can; causes diseases of adaptation. Hypopititary adrenal axis
Alarm -fight or flight cortisol and adrenaline are released
Resist
Exhaust

Question 5

Gamma motor neurons

Answer 5

Innervate muscle spindle
Basis of korrs theory

Question 6

Alpha motor neurons

Answer 6

Innervate skeletal muscle operate through myoneural junction
Acetylcholine

Question 7

Goals of the adjustment

Answer 7

To stimulate golgi tendon and inhibit alpha motor neurons due to the fast stretch on the tendon
Close the pain gate by sending a message to the CNS on large type A fibers
Increase mechanoreceptor bombardment (which inhibits nociocenptors)
Break up adhesions
Increase mobility
Improve neurological function.

Question 8

Carver

Answer 8

Biomechanical model -subluxations are from abnormal biomechanics
Pelvic distortion model -distortion of the spine starts in the pelvis

Question 9

Stevenson

Answer 9

Safterypin cycle subluxation distorts the cycle