Principal Mediators Flashcards
1
Q
Histamine
A
- Mast cells, basophils, platelets
- Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, endothelial activation
2
Q
Prostaglandins
A
- Mast cells, leukocytes
- Vasodilation, pain, fever
3
Q
Leukotrienes
A
- Mast cells, leukocytes
- Increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion, and activation
4
Q
Inflammatory cytokines
A
- TNF, IL-1, IL-6
- Macrophages, endothelial cells, mast cells
- Local effects: endothelial activation, expression of adhesion molecules
- Systemic effects: fever, metabolic abnormalities, hypotension
5
Q
Chemokines
A
- Leukocytes, activated macrophages
- Chemotaxis, leukocyte activation
6
Q
Platelet Activating Factor
A
- Leukocytes, mast cells
- Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion, chemotaxis, degranulation, oxidative burst
7
Q
Complement
A
- Present in plasma (source is liver)
- Effects include: leukocyte chemotaxis and activation, direct targe killing via membrane attack complexes, vasodialtion via mast cell stimulation
8
Q
Kinins
A
- Present in plasma (source is liver)
- Effects include: increased vascular permeabitliy, smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, pain
9
Q
Cell derived mediators
A
Sequestered in intracellular granules and rapidly secreted by granule exocytosis (e.g. histamine in mast cell granules)
OR
Synthesized de novo in response to stimulus (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines)
10
Q
Plasma derived mediators
A
Complement proteins
Produced by liver and circulate in plasma as inactive precursors.
Must be activated by series of proteolytic cleavages to become biologically active
11
Q
Vasodilation
A
Mediators: histamine, prostaglandins
12
Q
Increased vascular permeability
A
Mediators:
- histamine
- serotonin
- C3a
- C5a
- Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4
13
Q
Chemotaxis
Leukocyte recruitment
Leukocyte activation
A
Mediators:
- TNF
- IL-1
- Chemokines
- C3a, C5a
- Leukotriene B4
14
Q
Fever
A
Mediators:
- IL0-1
- TNF
- Prostaglandins
15
Q
Pain
A
Mediators:
- Prostaglandins
- Bradykinin
