Principal A: Ethical Standards

Question 1

APS code of ethics, what is Principal A

Answer 1

Principal A: Respect For The Rights And Dignity Of People And Peoples

Question 2

Psychologists demonstrate their_____ for people by acknowledging their____ rights and ____ rights, their dignity and right to participate in decisions affecting their lives.
They recognize the importance of people’s privacy and_____ , and physical and personal____ , and recognize the power they hold over people when practicing as psychologists.
They have a high regard for the____ and uniqueness of people and their right to linguistically and culturally appropriate services.
Psychologists acknowledge people’s right to be treated____ without_____ or favoritism, and they endeavor to ensure that all people have reasonable and fair access to psychological services and share in the benefits that the practice of psychology can offer.

Answer 2

Respect, legal, moral
Confidentiality, integrity
Diversity
Fairly, discrimination

Question 3

List the 7 Principal A Ethical Standards

Answer 3

A. 1. Justice
A.2. Respect
A.3. Informed consent
A.4. Privacy
A.5. Confidentiality
A.6. Release of information to clients
A.7. Collection of client information from associated parties

Question 4

A. 1.1. Psychologists avoid ____ unfairly against people on the basis of age, religion, sexuality, ethnicity, gender, disability, or any other basis proscribed by law.

Answer 4

Discriminating

Question 5

A. 1.2. Psychologists demonstrate an understanding of the consequences for people of unfair _____ and stereotyping related to their age, religion, sexuality, ethnicity, gender, or disability.

Answer 5

Discrimination

Question 6

A. 1.3. Psychologists assist their clients to address unfair ____ or ____ that is directed against the clients.

Answer 6

Discrimination, prejudice

Question 7

A.2.1. In the course of their conduct, psychologists:

Answer 7

A) communicate respect for other people through their actions and language;
B) do not behave in a manner that, having regard to the context, may reasonably be perceived as coercive or demeaning;
C) respect the legal rights and moral rights of others; and
D) do not denigrate the character of people by engaging in conduct that demeans them as persons, or defames, or harasses them.

Question 8

A.2.2. Psychologists act with due regard for the needs, ____ ____ and _____ of their colleagues in psychology and other professions.

Answer 8

special competencies, obligations

Question 9

A. 3.1. Psychologists fully inform clients regarding the ____ ____ they intend to provide, unless an explicit exception has been agreed upon in advance, or it is not reasonably possible to obtain informed consent.

Answer 9

Psychological services

Question 10

A.3.2. Psychologists provide information using ___ language.

Answer 10

Plain

Question 11

A.3.3. Psychologists ensure consent is informed by:

Answer 11

a)explaining the nature and purpose of the procedures they intend using;
B) clarifying the reasonably foreseeable risks, adverse effects, and possible disadvantages of the procedures they intend using;
C) explaining how information will be collected and recorded;
D) explaining how, where, and for how long, information will be stored, and who will have access to the stored information

Question 12

A.3.4. Psychologists obtain consent from clients to provide a psychological service unless consent is not required because:

Answer 12

A) rendering the service without consent is permitted by law; or
B) a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) or other appropriate ethics committee has waived the requirement in respect of research.

Question 13

A.3.5. Psychologists obtain and document informed ___ from clients or their legal guardians prior to using psychological procedures that entail physical contact with clients.

Answer 13

Consent

Question 14

A.3.6. Psychologists who work with clients whose capacity to give ____ is, or may be, impaired or limited, obtain the ____ of people with legal authority to act on behalf of the client, and attempt to obtain the client’s ____ as far as practically possible.

Answer 14

Consent

Question 15

A.3.7. Psychologists who work with clients whose ____ is not required by law still comply _ __ _ ___ ___ , with the processes described in A.3.1., A.3.2., and A.3.3.

Answer 15

Consent, as far as practically possible

Question 16

What do you need to cover with informed consent? Some examples:

Answer 16

What clients can expect - e.g., process, possible risks,
Collection and storage of client information and who will have access to it,
That the client can decline to participate and explain any potential consequences if they withdraw
The frequency and expected duration of therapy
Financial and administrative basis of any psychological services that will be provided (e.g., fees, rebates)
Making clear, where necessary, the conditions under which the psychological services may be terminated (e.g., intoxicated, under the influence of substances, aggressive)
Explaining confidentiality and limits to confidentiality
Any other relevant information (e.g., seeing each other out in public, boundaries, gifts, physical contact).

Question 17

Psychologists avoid undue invasion of privacy in the collection of information. This includes, but is not limited to:

Answer 17

(a) collecting only information relevant to the service being provided; and
(b) not requiring supervises or trainees to disclose their personal information, unless self-disclosure is a normal expectation of a given training procedure and informed consent has been obtained from participants prior to training.

Question 18

A.5.1. Psychologists safeguard the confidentiality of information obtained during their provision of psychological services. Considering their legal and organisational requirements, psychologists:

Answer 18

(a) make provisions for maintaining confidentiality in the collection, recording, accessing, storage, dissemination, and disposal of information; and
(b) take reasonable steps to protect the confidentiality of information after they leave a specific work setting, or cease to provide psychological services.

Question 19

A.5.2. Psychologists disclose confidential information obtained in the course of their provision of psychological services only under any one or more of the following circumstances:

Answer 19

• with the consent of the relevant client or a person with legal authority to act on behalf of the client;
• where there is a legal obligation to do so;
• if there is an immediate and specified risk of harm to an identifiable person or persons that can be averted only by disclosing information; or
• when consulting colleagues, or in the course of supervision or professional training, provided the psychologist:
  (i) conceals the identity of clients and associated parties involved; or
  (il) obtains the client’s consent and gives prior notice to the recipients of the information that they are required to preserve the client’s privacy, and obtains an undertaking from the recipients of the information that they will preserve the client’s privacy.

Question 20

psychologists whose work falls under the jurisdiction of the Privacy Act (1988) (Cth), Section 16A, Item 1 of the Privacy Act states that a Permitted General Situation provides an exception to the Australian Privacy Principles, and allows disclosure of client information if:

Answer 20

the entity (psychologist) reasonably believes that the collection, use or disclosure is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to the life, health or safety of any individual, or to public health or safety.
The threat does not have to be immediate or specified for information to be disclosed.

Question 21

Can psychologist refuse a reasonable request for clients or former clients to access their information

Answer 21

“Psychologists, with consideration of legislative exceptions and their organisational requirements, do not refuse any reasonable request from clients, or former clients, to access client information, for which the psychologists have professional responsibility.”
- APS Code of Ethics, 2007

Question 22

A.7.1. Prior to collecting information regarding a client from an associated party, psychologists obtain the____ of the client or, where applicable, a person who is authorised by law to represent the client.

Answer 22

Consent

Question 23

A.7.2. Psychologists who work with clients whose capacity to give informed consent is, or may be, impaired or limited, obtain the informed consent of people with ____ ____ to act on behalf of the client, and attempt to obtain the client’s consent as far as practically possible.

Answer 23

Legal authority

Question 24

A.7.3. Psychologists who work with clients whose informed consent is not required by law nevertheless attempt to comply, as far as practically possible, with the processes described in standards ____

Answer 24

A.7.1., A.7.2., and A.7.4.

A.7.1. Prior to collecting information regarding a client from an associated party, psychologists obtain the consent of the client or, where applicable, a person who is authorised by law to represent the client.
A.7.2. Psychologists who work with clients whose capacity to give informed consent is, or may be, impaired or limited, obtain the informed consent of people with legal authority to act on behalf of the client, and attempt to obtain the client’s consent as far as practically possible.
A.7.4. Psychologists ensure that a client’s consent for obtaining information from an associated party is informed

Question 25

A.7.4. Psychologists ensure that a client’s consent for obtaining information from an associated party is informed by:

Answer 25

(a) identifying the sources from which they intend collecting information;
(b) explaining the nature and purpose of the information they intend collecting;
(c) stating how the information will be collected;
(d) indicating how, where, and for how long, information will be stored, and who will have access to the stored information;
(e) advising clients that they may decline the request to collect information from an associated party, or withdraw such consent;
(f) explaining to clients what the reasonably foreseeable consequences would be if they decline to give consent;
(g) explaining the associated party’s right to confidentiality and limits thereof; and
(h) providing any other relevant information.

Question 26

A. 1.

Answer 26

Justice

Question 27

A.2.

Answer 27

A.2. Respect

Question 28

A.3.

Answer 28

Informed consent

Question 29

A.4.

Answer 29

Privacy

Question 30

A.5.

Answer 30

Confidentiality

Question 31

A.6.

Answer 31

Release of information to clients

Question 32

A.7.

Answer 32

Collection of client information from associated parties