PrincetonPractice1 Flashcards
A child in Piaget’s preoperational stage is given a toy and attempts to eat it. This child is demonstrating
ASSIMILATION
Deutch used the “prisoner’s dilemna” to study which social phenomenon?
Cooperation vs. Competition
Two major dimensions of personality hypothesized by Hans Eysenck are
Stability and Introversion
According to Erik Erikson, a young adult would be most concerned with which issues?
Autonomy
Hazel has experienced feelings of worthlessness, low energy and a loss of interest in life for most days of the past 3 years. She would most likely be diagnosed with what?
Dysthymic Disorder
The strange situation is used in order to study
INFANT ATTACHMENT
Which activity best serves to hold information in short term memory?
REHEARSING
Which researcher is most associated with androgyny?
SANDRA BEM
social comparison theory has been used as an argument against
Mainstreaming in schools
Which phenomena is minimized by group monitoring?
Social Loafing
Which method is most commonly used to study selective attention?
shadowing in a dichotic listening task
Bottom-up information processing is best described as
Data driven
What is the key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Operant condition emphasises the consequences of behaviour, whereas classical conditioning emphasises the association between stimuli.
Explain maintenance rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal keeps material in short-term memory
In many jury trials, defence lawyers use the strategy of blaming the victim, so that the accused perpetrator might be set free. People’s tendency to go along with victim blaming can be explained by _
The Just World Bias
define “morpheme”
a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming ).
According to Piaget, an individual in which stage might demonstrate circular reactions?
Sensorimotor
The theory that a child steals candy because he is a thief is an example of a __
Cognitive Bias
A pigeon is placed in a “Skinner Box” which is outfitted with a key for pecking and a chute that delivers food. Through shaping, the experimenter plans to condition the bird to peck the key in order to obtain food. The experimenter will need to use ___
Differential Reinforcement
According to Craik and Lockhart, which of the following levels of processing would result in the highest recall of information?
Semantic
Define Signal Detection Theory
Detection theory or signal detection theory is a means to quantify the ability to discern between information-bearing patterns (called stimulus in humans, signal in machines) and random patterns that distract from the information
According to Kohlberg, an individual in a stage of conventional morality would be most concerned with ____
Gaining Approval
Kenneth and Mamie Clark’s doll preference studies were used ___
as evidence in the Brown v. The Board of Education trial
To motivate himself to study, a student decides that after learning a chapter of material he will treat himself to a movie. In this situation, seeing a movie is acting as a reinforcement for studying. The situation demonstrates _____
The Premack Principle
An experimenter wants to train a dg to bark at a red light. The dog naturally barks at a mouse. For countless trials, the experimenter presents the mouse and then a red light. The dog never learns to bark at the red light because _____
They are presented in the wrong order
According to Roger Brown, children refine the way they apply grammatical rules through
experiences and self correction
According to Freud’s developmental theory, a child who is particularly frustrated during a stage of development is likely to experience _____
FIXATION
What explains why cartoons are not perceived as a series of still frames?
The Phi Phenomenon
A therapist listens to the choices of his client with unconditional positive regard. The goal of this therapy is likely to be _____
Congruence for the self
Erikson’s developmental theory centred around _____
psychosocial crises
What is NOT a maladaptive cognition according to cognitive therapy?
Denying
The part of the brain that is connected to the very basic function of simple alertness is the ______
RETICULAR FORMATION
What is the modern name for hysteria?
CONVERSION DISORDER
Define Overjustification
The over justification effect occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person’s intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Who was most inclined towards a situational view of personality?
Walter Mischel